Analysis of environmental health determinants of drinking water quality in urban slums
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Published:
Jan 31, 2025
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Drinking water quality, Environmental health, Environmental sanitation, Slums, Waste management
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Abstract
Urban slums often face serious drinking water quality challenges due to poor sanitation facilities and waste management, which contribute to high public health risks. This study aimed to analyze the environmental health determinants, including access to clean water, sanitation facilities and waste management practices, on drinking water quality based on physical, chemical and microbiological indicators. The study used a quantitative research design with a correlational approach, involving five urban slums as the study population. Data were collected through field observation and water quality testing, then analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression. The results showed that access to clean water had a significant negative relationship with microbial contamination levels (r = -0.899, p < 0.05). In addition, sanitation facilities and waste management practices significantly influenced drinking water quality, with areas with better facilities showing better water quality. However, discrepancies in microbiological indicators were found across areas, indicating the need for integrated interventions. This study confirms the importance of improved sanitation infrastructure, community education and water management in addressing water quality challenges in slums. The implications of this study can serve as a foundation for more effective policy making in environmental and public health management.
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How to Cite
Arliatin, A., Hilal, A. ., Susanti, S. ., Andrianys, I. ., & Syahrir, M. . (2025). Analysis of environmental health determinants of drinking water quality in urban slums. Journal of Midwifery and Nursing, 7(1), 199-207. https://doi.org/10.35335/jmn.v7i1.6052
References
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Vanhille, J., Goedemé, T., Penne, T., Van Thielen, L., & Storms, B. (2018). Measuring water affordability in developed economies. The added value of a needs-based approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 217, 611–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.106
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Abubakar, I. R., Maniruzzaman, K. M., Dano, U. L., AlShihri, F. S., AlShammari, M. S., Ahmed, S. M. S., Al-Gehlani, W. A. G., & Alrawaf, T. I. (2022). Environmental Sustainability Impacts of Solid Waste Management Practices in the Global South. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912717
Adams, E. A., Price, H., & Stoler, J. (2019). Urban slums, drinking water, and health: Trends and lessons from sub-Saharan Africa. In Handbook of global urban health (pp. 533–552). Routledge.
Adeloju, S. B., Khan, S., & Patti, A. F. (2021). Arsenic contamination of groundwater and its implications for drinking water quality and human health in under? developed countries and remote communities—a review. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041926
Adeniran, A. (2018). Assessment of Water Quality in Slum Area Ibadan. Hydrology: Current Research, 09(01), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.1000296
Behera, B., Rahut, D. B., & Sethi, N. (2020). Analysis of household access to drinking water, sanitation, and waste disposal services in urban areas of Nepal. Utilities Policy, 62, 100996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2019.100996
Bishoge, O. K. (2021). Challenges facing sustainable water supply, sanitation and hygiene achievement in urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Local Environment, 26(7), 893–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2021.1931074
Grönwall, J., & Danert, K. (2020). Regarding groundwater and drinkingwater access through a human rights lens: Self-Supply as a norm. Water (Switzerland), 12(2), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020419
Holcomb, D. A., Knee, J., Sumner, T., Adriano, Z., de Bruijn, E., Nalá, R., Cumming, O., Brown, J., & Stewart, J. R. (2020). Human fecal contamination of water, soil, and surfaces in households sharing poor-quality sanitation facilities in Maputo, Mozambique. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 226, 113496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113496
Ibekwe, A. M., & Murinda, S. E. (2019). Linking microbial community composition in treated wastewater with water quality in distribution systems and subsequent health effects. Microorganisms, 7(12), 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120660
Kanungo, S., Chatterjee, P., Saha, J., Pan, T., Chakrabarty, N. D., & Dutta, S. (2021). Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices in Urban Slums of Eastern India. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 224(Supplement_5), S573–S583. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab354
Khamis, S., Ahmad, A., & Ahmad, M. (2019). A Descriptive Analytic Model of Internet Usage and Student Performance. Journal of Information System and Technology Management, 4(12), 1–10.
Mabhaudhi, T., Nhamo, L., Mpandeli, S., Nhemachena, C., Senzanje, A., Sobratee, N., Chivenge, P. P., Slotow, R., Naidoo, D., Liphadzi, S., & Modi, A. T. (2019). The water–energy–food nexus as a tool to transform rural livelihoods and well-being in Southern Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162970
Mishra, R. K. (2023). Fresh Water availability and It’s Global challenge. Journal of Marine Science and Research, 2(1), 01–03. https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-5933/004
Mishra, S., Bharagava, R. N., More, N., Yadav, A., Zainith, S., Mani, S., & Chowdhary, P. (2019). Heavy Metal Contamination: An Alarming Threat to Environment and Human Health. Environmental Biotechnology: For Sustainable Future, 103–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7284-0_5
Musoke, D., Ndejjo, R., Halage, A. A., Kasasa, S., Ssempebwa, J. C., & Carpenter, D. O. (2018). Drinking Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Promotion Interventions in Two Slum Communities in Central Uganda. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2018(1), 3710120. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710120
Mutono, N., Wright, J., Mutembei, H., Muema, J., Thomas, M., Mutunga, M., & Thumbi, S. M. (2020). The nexus between improved water supply and waterborne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review protocol [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. Previously titled: The nexus between water sufficiency and water-borne diseases in cities in Africa: a scoping review protoco. AAS Open Research, 3, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.12688/AASOPENRES.13063.2
Obaideen, K., Shehata, N., Sayed, E. T., Abdelkareem, M. A., Mahmoud, M. S., & Olabi, A. G. (2022). The role of wastewater treatment in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) and sustainability guideline. Energy Nexus, 7, 100112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100112
Pal, M., Ayele, Y., Hadush, A., Panigrahi, S., & Jadhav, V. J. (2018). Public Health Hazards Due to Unsafe Drinking Water. Air & Water Borne Diseases, 7(1), 1000138. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325757249
Rondón-Espinoza, J., Gavidia, C. M., González, R., & Ramos, D. (2022). Water Quality and Microbiological Contamination across the Fish Marketing Chain: A Case Study in the Peruvian Amazon (Lagoon Yarinacocha). Water (Switzerland), 14(9), 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091465
Shayo, G. M., Elimbinzi, E., Shao, G. N., & Fabian, C. (2023). Severity of waterborne diseases in developing countries and the effectiveness of ceramic filters for improving water quality. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 47(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01088-9
Sonone, S. S., Jadhav, S., Sankhla, M. S., & Kumar, R. (2021). Water Contamination by Heavy Metals and their Toxic Effect on Aquaculture and Human Health through Food Chain. Letters in Applied NanoBioScience, 10(2), 2148–2166. https://doi.org/10.33263/LIANBS102.21482166
Syrbe, R. U., Neumann, I., Grunewald, K., Brzoska, P., Louda, J., Kochan, B., Machá?, J., Dubová, L., Meyer, P., Brabec, J., & Bastian, O. (2021). The value of urban nature in terms of providing ecosystem services related to health and well-being: An empirical comparative pilot study of cities in Germany and the Czech Republic. Land, 10(4), 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10040341
Vanhille, J., Goedemé, T., Penne, T., Van Thielen, L., & Storms, B. (2018). Measuring water affordability in developed economies. The added value of a needs-based approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 217, 611–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.106
Wulandari, R., Iswara, A. P., Qadafi, M., Prayogo, W., Astuti, R. D. P., Utami, R. R., Jayanti, M., Awfa, D., Suryawan, I. W. K., Fitria, L., & Andhikaputra, G. (2024). Water pollution and sanitation in Indonesia: a review on water quality, health and environmental impacts, management, and future challenges. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35567-x
Yousefi, R., Panahi Moghaddam, S. A., Salahi, H., Woods, R., Abolhasani, M., Eini-Zinab, H., & Saidpour, A. (2024). Food Addiction and Binge Eating Disorder in Relation to Dietary Patterns and Anthropometric Measurements: A Descriptive-Analytic Cross-Sectional Study in Iranian Adults with Obesity. Behavioral Medicine, 50(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2022.2092442
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