The blockchain-based sharia accounting system: strengthening compliance of islamic rural banks in Indonesia
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Abstract
This research discusses the implementation of blockchain technology in Sharia accounting systems to strengthen compliance with Sharia principles, enhance transparency, and strengthen the resilience of institutions at Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) in Indonesia. The increasing cases of bankruptcy in BPRS due to weak governance and fraudulent practices highlight the need for secure, transparent, and accountable financial infrastructure. Blockchain, with its characteristics of immutability and cryptographic verification, provides a mechanism for recording financial transactions permanently, transparently, and in compliance with Sharia principles, free from elements of riba, gharar, and maysir. This study uses a Hybrid Spiral-Agile approach integrated with the V-Validation model and the Sharia Compliance Loop to develop a blockchain-based accounting system that automates Sharia contracts such as Murabahah, Ijarah, and Mudharabah through smart contracts, enhancing auditability and maintaining data integrity. The research findings indicate that the application of blockchain can speed up the audit process, reduce human errors, and minimize the potential for fraud. Thus, blockchain functions not only as a financial technology innovation but also as a digital trust infrastructure that strengthens ethical governance, transparency, and sustainability in the Sharia finance ecosystem in Indonesia
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Suyatna, N. . (2026) “The blockchain-based sharia accounting system: strengthening compliance of islamic rural banks in Indonesia”, Jurnal Mantik, 9(4), pp. 1491-1502. doi: 10.35335/mantik.v9i4.6966.
References
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Beck, K., Beedle, M., Bennekum, A. van, Cockburn, A., Cunningham, W., Fowler, M., Grenning, J., Highsmith, J., Hunt, A., Jeffries, R., Kern, J., Marick, B., Martin, R. C., Mellor, S., Schwaber, K., Sutherland, J., & Thomas, D. (2001). Manifesto for Agile Software Development. https://agilemanifesto.org/iso/en/manifesto.html
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Fitri, W. (2023). Kajian Penerapan Smart Contract Syariah dalam Blockchain: Peluang dan Tantangan. Jatiswara. https://doi.org/10.29303/jtsw.v38i2.526
Godfrey-Welch, D., Lagrois, R., Law, J., Anderwald, R. S., Engels, D., & Anderwald, S. (2018). SMU Data Science Review Blockchain in Payment Card Systems Blockchain in Payment Card Systems. SMU Data Science Review, 1(1). https://scholar.smu.edu/datasciencereview%0Ahttps://scholar.smu.edu/datasciencereview/vol1/iss1/3%0Ahttps://scholar.smu.edu/datasciencereview%0Ahttps://scholar.smu.edu/datasciencereview/vol1/iss1/3
Gregor, S., & Hevner, A. R. (2013). P OSITIONING AND P RESENTING D ESIGN S CIENCE Types of Knowledge in Design Science Research. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 337–355. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222240302
Hidayat, M. S., Sujianto, A. E., Sayyid, U., Rahmatullah, A., Binti, T., Asiyah, N., Tulungagung, A. R., Moneter, E., Blockchain, T., & Keuangan, S. (2023). Mengkaji Sistem Keuangan Berbasis Teknologi Blockchain dalam Ekonomi Moneter Islam. https://doi.org/10.59246/muqaddimah.v1i3.381
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Jameaba, M. (2020). Digitization, FinTech Disruption, and Financial Stability: The Case of the Indonesian Banking Sector. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–44. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3529924
Khair, H. S., Admar, O. A., Mar’atussoliha, M. M., & Nurlaila, N. (2024). Implementasi blockchain dengan meningkatkan transparasi dan keamanan laporan keuangan global dalam akuntansi internasional. Measurement: Jurnal Akuntansi, 18(2), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.33373/mja.v18i2.6973
Kumar, M., & Saha, A. (2025). A Hybrid Model for The Software Development Life Cycle. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science, 14(4), 1034–1038. https://doi.org/10.51583/ijltemas.2025.140400124
Mahyudin, M., Tarigan, A. A., & Syahreza, R. (2025). Al-Mu’amalah Al-Madiyah Rules relating to human relations and economic transactions in accordance with the guidance of Sharia. Journal of Law Education and Business, 3(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.57235/jleb.v3i1.5397
Mohialden, Y. M., & Hussien, N. M. (2024). The Role of Blockchain Technology in Enhancing Data Integrity and Transparency Across Industries. 1(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.57238/6nyv6k55
Muneeza, A., & Mustapha, Z. (2019). Blockchain and Its Shariah Compliant Structure (pp. 69–106). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10749-9_6
Noreika, K. (2024). Application software development process using an enhanced Agile project management method. https://doi.org/10.15388/vu.thesis.663
Patricia Yasintha Desi Abigail. (2025, October 26). Bank Bangkrut Bertambah, OJK Tutup 5 Bank hingga Oktober 2025. https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20251026/90/1923434/bank-bangkrut-bertambah-ojk-tutup-5-bank-hingga-oktober-2025
Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., & Chatterjee, S. (2007). A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(3), 45–77. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222240302
Selvi Mayasari. (2024, December 27). Cermati, Ini 20 BPR dan BPRS yang Izinnya Dicabut OJK Sejak Awal 2024. https://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/cermati-ini-20-bpr-dan-bprs-yang-izinnya-dicabut-ojk-sejak-awal-2024
Soualhi, Y., & Saleh, A. O. H. (2024). ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? smart contracts and the prospects for their application in social banking: a maqasid jurisprudential vision. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 12(2), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no2.599
Suyanto, S., Astuti, I., & Duryana, D. (2024). Exploring Blockchain Technology for Transparency and Efficiency in Indonesia’s Financial Sector. Nomico, 1(9), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.62872/36j2sm39
Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2018). Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin and Other Cryptocurrencies is Changing the World. Portfolio/Penguin.
Ulfitri, L., & Firdaus, R. (2024). Akuntansi Syariah Sebagai Sumber Informasi Bagi Perusahaan Yang Patuh Terhadap Syariah. Journal Economic Excellence Ibnu Sina, 2(4), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.59841/excellence.v2i4.2016
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Zulhilmi Yahya. (2025, July 30). Daftar 22 Bank Bangkrut di Indonesia, Izin Usaha Dicabut OJK. https://www.inews.id/news/nasional/daftar-22-bank-bangkrut-di-indonesia-izin-usaha-dicabut-ojk
Achebe, V. C., Ilori, O., & Isibor, N. J. (2024). A Conceptual Framework for Deploying Blockchain to Strengthen Corporate Fraud Detection and Legal Compliance Systems. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 5(2), 1061–1072. https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.2.1061-1072
Aisah, N., Putri, S. E. A., & Hafizi, M. R. (2025). Blockchain technology innovation as an optimization of transaction security in islamic financial institutions. Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions, 4(1), 23–48. https://doi.org/10.21098/jcli.v4i1.265
Al-Btoush, F. A. M., & Al-Hourani, Y. A. K. (2024). Quality of Accounting Information and its Role in the Effectiveness of the Sharia Audit of Islamic Banks. ???? ???? ??????? ??????, 9(2), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.36476/jirs.9:2.12.2024.03
Alagha, B., & Özçelik, ?. (2025). Using Blockchain Technology for Audit Trail. 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003477808-14
Alhat, P. (2024). Blockchain Technology. Indian Scientific Journal Of Research In Engineering And Management. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30694
Antova, I., & Tayachi, T. (2019). Blockchain and Smart Contracts: A Risk Management Tool for Islamic Finance. 5(1). https://doi.org/10.12785/JIFS/050103
Asiabar, M. G., Asiabar, M. G., & Asiabar, A. G. (2025). Redesigning Corporate Governance through Blockchain Technology: Opportunities and Challenges for Enhancing Transparency and Accountability. https://doi.org/10.14293/pr2199.001761.v1
Asy’arie, A. A. A., Dewi, A. P., & Asiyah, B. N. (2025). Blockchain-Based Sharia Accounting Model: Practical Implications for Increasing Transparency and Trust in Islamic Financial Institutions. Formosa Journal of Science and Technology, 4(7), 2017–2036. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v4i7.164
Barry W. Boehm. (1988). A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 1, 222–230. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1224
Beck, K., Beedle, M., Bennekum, A. van, Cockburn, A., Cunningham, W., Fowler, M., Grenning, J., Highsmith, J., Hunt, A., Jeffries, R., Kern, J., Marick, B., Martin, R. C., Mellor, S., Schwaber, K., Sutherland, J., & Thomas, D. (2001). Manifesto for Agile Software Development. https://agilemanifesto.org/iso/en/manifesto.html
Behara, G. K., & Khandrika, T. (2020). Blockchain as a Disruptive Technology: Architecture, Business Scenarios, and Future Trends (pp. 130–173). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9687-5.CH006
Beverungen, D., Breidbach, C. F., Poeppelbuss, J., & Tuunainen, V. K. (2019). Smart service systems: An interdisciplinary perspective. Information Systems Journal, 29(6), 1201–1206. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12275
Cahyani, A. I., & Baidhowi. (2025). Integration of Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts as a Solution for Automation and Sharia Compliance in Islamic Banking Products. Law Research Review Quarterly, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/llrq.v11i1.22661
Carberry, J., Ahmad, R., Windari, W., Hutagalung, M. W. R., & Arif, M. (2023). Peranan dewan pengawas syariah dalam perbankan syariah di indonesia. 1(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.24952/jaksya.v1i2.9372
Fahdil, H. N., Hassan, H. M., Subhe, A., & Hawas, A. T. (2024). Blockchain Technology in Accounting Transforming Financial Reporting and Auditing. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(5), 216–233. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i5.3903
Fitri, W. (2023). Kajian Penerapan Smart Contract Syariah dalam Blockchain: Peluang dan Tantangan. Jatiswara. https://doi.org/10.29303/jtsw.v38i2.526
Godfrey-Welch, D., Lagrois, R., Law, J., Anderwald, R. S., Engels, D., & Anderwald, S. (2018). SMU Data Science Review Blockchain in Payment Card Systems Blockchain in Payment Card Systems. SMU Data Science Review, 1(1). https://scholar.smu.edu/datasciencereview%0Ahttps://scholar.smu.edu/datasciencereview/vol1/iss1/3%0Ahttps://scholar.smu.edu/datasciencereview%0Ahttps://scholar.smu.edu/datasciencereview/vol1/iss1/3
Gregor, S., & Hevner, A. R. (2013). P OSITIONING AND P RESENTING D ESIGN S CIENCE Types of Knowledge in Design Science Research. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 337–355. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222240302
Hidayat, M. S., Sujianto, A. E., Sayyid, U., Rahmatullah, A., Binti, T., Asiyah, N., Tulungagung, A. R., Moneter, E., Blockchain, T., & Keuangan, S. (2023). Mengkaji Sistem Keuangan Berbasis Teknologi Blockchain dalam Ekonomi Moneter Islam. https://doi.org/10.59246/muqaddimah.v1i3.381
Jadida, H., Shavia, A. N., & Izza, S. R. (2025). Utilizing Blockchain Technology to Prevent Corruption in Indonesia: Between Opportunities and Challenges. Ma’mal: Jurnal Laboratorium Syariah Dan Hukum, 7(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.15642/mal.v7i1.429
Jameaba, M. (2020). Digitization, FinTech Disruption, and Financial Stability: The Case of the Indonesian Banking Sector. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–44. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3529924
Khair, H. S., Admar, O. A., Mar’atussoliha, M. M., & Nurlaila, N. (2024). Implementasi blockchain dengan meningkatkan transparasi dan keamanan laporan keuangan global dalam akuntansi internasional. Measurement: Jurnal Akuntansi, 18(2), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.33373/mja.v18i2.6973
Kumar, M., & Saha, A. (2025). A Hybrid Model for The Software Development Life Cycle. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science, 14(4), 1034–1038. https://doi.org/10.51583/ijltemas.2025.140400124
Mahyudin, M., Tarigan, A. A., & Syahreza, R. (2025). Al-Mu’amalah Al-Madiyah Rules relating to human relations and economic transactions in accordance with the guidance of Sharia. Journal of Law Education and Business, 3(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.57235/jleb.v3i1.5397
Mohialden, Y. M., & Hussien, N. M. (2024). The Role of Blockchain Technology in Enhancing Data Integrity and Transparency Across Industries. 1(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.57238/6nyv6k55
Muneeza, A., & Mustapha, Z. (2019). Blockchain and Its Shariah Compliant Structure (pp. 69–106). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10749-9_6
Noreika, K. (2024). Application software development process using an enhanced Agile project management method. https://doi.org/10.15388/vu.thesis.663
Patricia Yasintha Desi Abigail. (2025, October 26). Bank Bangkrut Bertambah, OJK Tutup 5 Bank hingga Oktober 2025. https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20251026/90/1923434/bank-bangkrut-bertambah-ojk-tutup-5-bank-hingga-oktober-2025
Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., & Chatterjee, S. (2007). A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(3), 45–77. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222240302
Selvi Mayasari. (2024, December 27). Cermati, Ini 20 BPR dan BPRS yang Izinnya Dicabut OJK Sejak Awal 2024. https://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/cermati-ini-20-bpr-dan-bprs-yang-izinnya-dicabut-ojk-sejak-awal-2024
Soualhi, Y., & Saleh, A. O. H. (2024). ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????: ???? ????? ??????? smart contracts and the prospects for their application in social banking: a maqasid jurisprudential vision. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 12(2), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no2.599
Suyanto, S., Astuti, I., & Duryana, D. (2024). Exploring Blockchain Technology for Transparency and Efficiency in Indonesia’s Financial Sector. Nomico, 1(9), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.62872/36j2sm39
Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2018). Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin and Other Cryptocurrencies is Changing the World. Portfolio/Penguin.
Ulfitri, L., & Firdaus, R. (2024). Akuntansi Syariah Sebagai Sumber Informasi Bagi Perusahaan Yang Patuh Terhadap Syariah. Journal Economic Excellence Ibnu Sina, 2(4), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.59841/excellence.v2i4.2016
Verda Nano Setiawan. (2025, June 21). 21 Bank di RI Sudah Tutup dan Bangkrut, Ini Namanya. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20250621125943-17-642751/21-bank-di-ri-sudah-tutup-dan-bangkrut-ini-namanya
Zulhilmi Yahya. (2025, July 30). Daftar 22 Bank Bangkrut di Indonesia, Izin Usaha Dicabut OJK. https://www.inews.id/news/nasional/daftar-22-bank-bangkrut-di-indonesia-izin-usaha-dicabut-ojk
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