Justice for victims: An analysis of child sexual assault through the lens of gustav radbruch's legal values at the Luwuk District Court
Article Sidebar
Published:
Oct 30, 2025
Keywords:
Child Protection, Juvenile and Adult Sentencing, Legal System, Radbruch’s Theory, Sexual Violence
Section
Articles
Statistics Article
Article View : 0 Times
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study conducts an analysis of two judicial decisions pertaining to sexual offenses against minors: Verdict Number 2/Pid.Sus-Anak/2025/PN Luwuk, which involves a juvenile offender, and Verdict Number 37/Pid.Sus/2025/PN Luwuk, which pertains to an adult offender. A normative juridical approach was utilized, informed by Gustav Radbruch’s theory of law and Lawrence Friedman’s legal system theory. The findings indicate a differentiated legal response contingent upon the status of the offender. In the case of the juvenile, the court rendered a conditional sentence that adopted a rehabilitative strategy, thereby reflecting principles of restorative justice and prioritizing the best interests of the child. In contrast, the adult offender received a prison sentence accompanied by a maximum fine, devoid of leniency, which underscores a stringent protective stance towards the child victim and serves as a deterrent for society. Both rulings exemplify the effective operation of legal frameworks and indicate advancements in Indonesia’s legal culture concerning the firm and equitable handling of sexual violence against children. This study emphasizes the necessity of balancing justice, legal certainty, and social utility within the criminal justice system for both juvenile and adult offenders.
Article Details
How to Cite
Syakura, A., Yuliati, Y., & Machmud, S. . (2025). Justice for victims: An analysis of child sexual assault through the lens of gustav radbruch’s legal values at the Luwuk District Court. Journal of Law Science, 7(4), 627-636. https://doi.org/10.35335/jls.v7i4.6660
References
Arief, B. N. (2018). Masalah Penegakan Hukum dan Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan. In Kencana Prenada Media Group. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=AeLJDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=hukum&ots=kNGPF4yW7j&sig=R8jE9SM1itDgcEEb1M9JwO7khU0
Ariefulloh, A., Nugroho, H., Angkasa, A., & Ardhanariswari, R. (2023). Restorative justice-based criminal case resolution in Salatiga, Indonesia: Islamic law perspective and legal objectives. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 23(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJTIHAD.V23I1.19-36
Athiyyatul Mufidah1, & Zamroni Ishaq. (2024). Penerapan Hukum dan Sanksi Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan oleh Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam. JOSH: Journal of Sharia, 3(02), 76–86. https://doi.org/10.55352/josh.v3i02.920
Braithwaite, V. (2021). Institutional Oppression That Silences Child Protection Reform. International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice, 4(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42448-021-00068-8
Budhiartie, A. (2011). Legalisasi Abortus Provocatus Karena Perkosaan Sebagai Implementasi Hak Asasi Perempuan (Analisis Yuridis Pasal 75 UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan). Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Jambi Seri Humaniora, 13(2), 59–72.
Dewi, A., Dimyati, K., Surbakti, N., Absori, & Nurani, S. S. (2021). LEGAL PROTECTION FOR RAPE VICTIMS IN INDONESIA: Seeking an Ideal Concept. Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 21(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v21i1.791
DP3A Sulteng. (2020). Memandirikan Perempuan: 2 Tahun Pascabencana –. Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. https://monitoring.skp-ham.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Memandirikan-Perempuan-2-Tahun-Pascabencana-DP3A-Sulteng.pdf
Ehrlich, I. (1972). The Deterrent Effect of Criminal Law Enforcement. The Journal of Legal Studies, 1(2), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1086/467485
Erman Rajagukguk. (2017). Filsafat Hukum (Ekonomi). In Google Scholar (Vol. 4, Issue 1). https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?hl=id&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Filsafat+Hukum+Ekonomi+erman+rajagukguk&btnG=
Friedman, L. M. (2009). Sistem Hukum; Perspektif Ilmu Sosial. Nusa Media.
Gumilang, P. (2020). Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian. In Antasari Press.
Ibipurbo. (2022). Pencegahan Pengulangan Kekerasan Seksual Melalui Rehabilitasi Pelaku Dalam Perspektif Keadilan Restoratif. Jurnal Hukum Respublica, 21(2), 155–178. https://delarev.com/index.php/go/article/download/35/31
Jessica, Q., & Caroline, M. (2023). Judicial Bypass and Parental Rights After Dobbs. Yale Law Journal, 132(6), 1908–1969. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4280735
Kane, J. (1996). Justice, impartiality, and equality: Why the concept of justice does not presume equality. Political Theory, 24(3), 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591796024003003
Kemenpppa. (2017). KEMENTERIAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK.
Leon-Guerrero, A. (2019). Social Problems: Community, Policy and Social Action. In SAGE Publications.
Lubis, M. A., Gea, M. Y. A., & Muniifah, N. (2024). Implikasi Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Hukum Pidana. Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum, 5(2), 94–100.
Manan, B. (2006). Menegakkan Hukum Suatu Ikhtiar. FH UII Press.
Manurung, Veruanti, N. P., Rakia, A. S. R., & Hidaya, W. A. (2024). Aborsi Dalam Kasus Pemerkosaan Anak: Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal Litigasi Amsir, 11(4), 403–416.
Muliyawan. (n.d.). Hukuman Bagi Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak. Pengadilan Negeri Palopo.
Muslih, M. (2017). Negara Hukum Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Teori Hukum Gustav Radbruch (Tiga Nilai Dasar Hukum). Legalitas: Jurnal Hukum, 4(1), 130–152.
Novi Enjelina Putri, Annisa Firdhausy, & Rizaldy, W. F. (2025). Tinjauan Kritis Pemberlakuan Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Kasus Perkosaan Anak di Indonesia. Journal of Law and Administrative Science, 3(1), 82–99. https://doi.org/10.33478/jlas.v3i1.34
Nurcahyo, E. (2023). Analisis Hukum Penerapan Keadilan Restoratif dalam Upaya Mereformasi Sistem Peradilan Umum di Indonesia. http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/13102
Prakoso, A. (2013). Pembaharuan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. In Laksbang Grafika, Jakarta.
Putri, R. W., Laila, S. N., Putri, Y. M., & Sabatira, F. (2023). Overcoming Global Issues on Gender-Biased in Adjudication Process: The Role of Companions for Rape Victims. Nurani Hukum, 6(1), 141. https://doi.org/10.51825/nhk.v6i1.19613
Radbruch, G. (1990). Vorschule der Rechtsphilosophie (1948). In Rechtsphilosophie.
Radbruch, & Gustav. (1975). Rechts Philosophie. In Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952. (Vol. 7, Issue 1).
Raharjo, S. (2016). Ilmu Hukum. Citra Aditya Bakti.
RIYADI, P. (2024). Legal Protection for Child Victims of Crimes According to The Child Criminal Justice System in Indonesia. Protection: Journal Of Land And Environmental Law, 2(2), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.38142/pjlel.v2i2.1207
Sambas, A. L. (2016). Teori-Teori Hukum Klasik dan Kontemporer. Ghalia Indonesia.
Sari, & Hartono. (2021). Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum dalam Perspektif Sosiologis. Jurnal Hukum Dan Masyarakat, 12(2), 115–126.
Sembali, S., & Mohede, N. (2021). Tinjauan Hukum Pidana dalam Penerapan Hukuman Tambahan Kebiri Kimia bagi Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Berdasarkan Pasal 81 Uu No.17 Tahun 2016. Lex Crimen, Vol. X(No. 2), 213–222.
Sinaga, M., Ahmad, A., & Saleh, I. N. S. (2025). Filsafat Hukum: Teori, Prinsip dan Hukum di Indonesia: Teori, Prinsip dan Hukum di Indonesia. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=yRhPEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=teori+hukum+dan+moralitas+immanuel+kant&ots=_dq6cMKF0D&sig=eg9e3FX9IMffp3tsbuJCJlgiPqo
Sistem Informasi Online Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak (SIMFONI-PPA), Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2025). Ringkasan Data Kasus Kekerasan. Sistem Informasi Online Perlindungan Perempuan Dan Anak (SIMFONI-PPA), Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak,.
Situmorang, S. B. (2021). Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Anak Sebagai Korban Pemerkosaan.
Soekanto, S. (2002). Kesadaran Hukum dan Kepatuhan Hukum. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Soekanto, S. (2005). Pengantar Penelitian Hukum: Vol. Cetakan 1. Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2001). Penelitian Hukum Normatif; Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Soemitro, R. H. (1983). Metode Penelitian Hukum dan Jurimetri. In Cetakan I.
Suprobowati, G. D., & Subekti. (2022). Implications of Restorative Justice on Children of Sexual Violence. Proceedings of the International Conference For Democracy and National Resilience (ICDNR 2021), 620. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211221.019
Van Der Merwe, A. (2004). Minimum sentences in child sexual abuse cases: The after-effects of rape as a factor in imposing life imprisonment. Criminal Law Forum, 15(3), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10609-005-2234-2
Wahyudhi, D. (2015). Perlindungan Terhadap Anak Yang Berhadapan Dengan Hukum Melalui Pendekatan Restorative Justice. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(1), 2.
Wangga, M. S. E., Widjajanti, E., Wulandari, W. R., Ahmad, N., Sabirin, A., Joseph, E., Wijaya, G. V., & Putri, K. A. (2023). Diversion: The Concept of Child Criminal Case Resolution in Indonesia. Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1996.02.02.62
Yusyanti, D. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak Korban dari Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 20(4), 619. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2020.v20.619-636
Ariefulloh, A., Nugroho, H., Angkasa, A., & Ardhanariswari, R. (2023). Restorative justice-based criminal case resolution in Salatiga, Indonesia: Islamic law perspective and legal objectives. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 23(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJTIHAD.V23I1.19-36
Athiyyatul Mufidah1, & Zamroni Ishaq. (2024). Penerapan Hukum dan Sanksi Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan oleh Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam. JOSH: Journal of Sharia, 3(02), 76–86. https://doi.org/10.55352/josh.v3i02.920
Braithwaite, V. (2021). Institutional Oppression That Silences Child Protection Reform. International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice, 4(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42448-021-00068-8
Budhiartie, A. (2011). Legalisasi Abortus Provocatus Karena Perkosaan Sebagai Implementasi Hak Asasi Perempuan (Analisis Yuridis Pasal 75 UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan). Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Jambi Seri Humaniora, 13(2), 59–72.
Dewi, A., Dimyati, K., Surbakti, N., Absori, & Nurani, S. S. (2021). LEGAL PROTECTION FOR RAPE VICTIMS IN INDONESIA: Seeking an Ideal Concept. Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 21(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v21i1.791
DP3A Sulteng. (2020). Memandirikan Perempuan: 2 Tahun Pascabencana –. Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. https://monitoring.skp-ham.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Memandirikan-Perempuan-2-Tahun-Pascabencana-DP3A-Sulteng.pdf
Ehrlich, I. (1972). The Deterrent Effect of Criminal Law Enforcement. The Journal of Legal Studies, 1(2), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1086/467485
Erman Rajagukguk. (2017). Filsafat Hukum (Ekonomi). In Google Scholar (Vol. 4, Issue 1). https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?hl=id&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Filsafat+Hukum+Ekonomi+erman+rajagukguk&btnG=
Friedman, L. M. (2009). Sistem Hukum; Perspektif Ilmu Sosial. Nusa Media.
Gumilang, P. (2020). Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian. In Antasari Press.
Ibipurbo. (2022). Pencegahan Pengulangan Kekerasan Seksual Melalui Rehabilitasi Pelaku Dalam Perspektif Keadilan Restoratif. Jurnal Hukum Respublica, 21(2), 155–178. https://delarev.com/index.php/go/article/download/35/31
Jessica, Q., & Caroline, M. (2023). Judicial Bypass and Parental Rights After Dobbs. Yale Law Journal, 132(6), 1908–1969. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4280735
Kane, J. (1996). Justice, impartiality, and equality: Why the concept of justice does not presume equality. Political Theory, 24(3), 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591796024003003
Kemenpppa. (2017). KEMENTERIAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK.
Leon-Guerrero, A. (2019). Social Problems: Community, Policy and Social Action. In SAGE Publications.
Lubis, M. A., Gea, M. Y. A., & Muniifah, N. (2024). Implikasi Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Hukum Pidana. Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum, 5(2), 94–100.
Manan, B. (2006). Menegakkan Hukum Suatu Ikhtiar. FH UII Press.
Manurung, Veruanti, N. P., Rakia, A. S. R., & Hidaya, W. A. (2024). Aborsi Dalam Kasus Pemerkosaan Anak: Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal Litigasi Amsir, 11(4), 403–416.
Muliyawan. (n.d.). Hukuman Bagi Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak. Pengadilan Negeri Palopo.
Muslih, M. (2017). Negara Hukum Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Teori Hukum Gustav Radbruch (Tiga Nilai Dasar Hukum). Legalitas: Jurnal Hukum, 4(1), 130–152.
Novi Enjelina Putri, Annisa Firdhausy, & Rizaldy, W. F. (2025). Tinjauan Kritis Pemberlakuan Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Kasus Perkosaan Anak di Indonesia. Journal of Law and Administrative Science, 3(1), 82–99. https://doi.org/10.33478/jlas.v3i1.34
Nurcahyo, E. (2023). Analisis Hukum Penerapan Keadilan Restoratif dalam Upaya Mereformasi Sistem Peradilan Umum di Indonesia. http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/13102
Prakoso, A. (2013). Pembaharuan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. In Laksbang Grafika, Jakarta.
Putri, R. W., Laila, S. N., Putri, Y. M., & Sabatira, F. (2023). Overcoming Global Issues on Gender-Biased in Adjudication Process: The Role of Companions for Rape Victims. Nurani Hukum, 6(1), 141. https://doi.org/10.51825/nhk.v6i1.19613
Radbruch, G. (1990). Vorschule der Rechtsphilosophie (1948). In Rechtsphilosophie.
Radbruch, & Gustav. (1975). Rechts Philosophie. In Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952. (Vol. 7, Issue 1).
Raharjo, S. (2016). Ilmu Hukum. Citra Aditya Bakti.
RIYADI, P. (2024). Legal Protection for Child Victims of Crimes According to The Child Criminal Justice System in Indonesia. Protection: Journal Of Land And Environmental Law, 2(2), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.38142/pjlel.v2i2.1207
Sambas, A. L. (2016). Teori-Teori Hukum Klasik dan Kontemporer. Ghalia Indonesia.
Sari, & Hartono. (2021). Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum dalam Perspektif Sosiologis. Jurnal Hukum Dan Masyarakat, 12(2), 115–126.
Sembali, S., & Mohede, N. (2021). Tinjauan Hukum Pidana dalam Penerapan Hukuman Tambahan Kebiri Kimia bagi Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Berdasarkan Pasal 81 Uu No.17 Tahun 2016. Lex Crimen, Vol. X(No. 2), 213–222.
Sinaga, M., Ahmad, A., & Saleh, I. N. S. (2025). Filsafat Hukum: Teori, Prinsip dan Hukum di Indonesia: Teori, Prinsip dan Hukum di Indonesia. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=yRhPEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=teori+hukum+dan+moralitas+immanuel+kant&ots=_dq6cMKF0D&sig=eg9e3FX9IMffp3tsbuJCJlgiPqo
Sistem Informasi Online Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak (SIMFONI-PPA), Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2025). Ringkasan Data Kasus Kekerasan. Sistem Informasi Online Perlindungan Perempuan Dan Anak (SIMFONI-PPA), Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak,.
Situmorang, S. B. (2021). Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Anak Sebagai Korban Pemerkosaan.
Soekanto, S. (2002). Kesadaran Hukum dan Kepatuhan Hukum. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Soekanto, S. (2005). Pengantar Penelitian Hukum: Vol. Cetakan 1. Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2001). Penelitian Hukum Normatif; Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Soemitro, R. H. (1983). Metode Penelitian Hukum dan Jurimetri. In Cetakan I.
Suprobowati, G. D., & Subekti. (2022). Implications of Restorative Justice on Children of Sexual Violence. Proceedings of the International Conference For Democracy and National Resilience (ICDNR 2021), 620. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211221.019
Van Der Merwe, A. (2004). Minimum sentences in child sexual abuse cases: The after-effects of rape as a factor in imposing life imprisonment. Criminal Law Forum, 15(3), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10609-005-2234-2
Wahyudhi, D. (2015). Perlindungan Terhadap Anak Yang Berhadapan Dengan Hukum Melalui Pendekatan Restorative Justice. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(1), 2.
Wangga, M. S. E., Widjajanti, E., Wulandari, W. R., Ahmad, N., Sabirin, A., Joseph, E., Wijaya, G. V., & Putri, K. A. (2023). Diversion: The Concept of Child Criminal Case Resolution in Indonesia. Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1996.02.02.62
Yusyanti, D. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak Korban dari Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 20(4), 619. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2020.v20.619-636
Copyright and Licensing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.