Examination of The Legal Regime for Combatting Trafficking in Persons in Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
Human trafficking is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st Century. The Sub Saharan Africa seems to be the center point of this global epidemic. Nigeria is an origin, transit and destination point for global trafficking in persons. This paper uses a doctrinal research approach to examine the legal regime for combatting trafficking in persons in Nigeria and argues that Nigeria must be more proactive in its fight against human trafficking. This paper finds that poverty, weak legal system, armed conflicts, climate change, family imbalance and greed among other factors, contribute to trafficking in persons. This paper finds that there exist a plethora of legislations on human trafficking in Nigeria, such as the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999, as amended in 2018; Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Law Enforcement and Administration Act, 2015; the Immigration Act 2015; the Criminal and Penal Code Acts; the Child’s Right Act and the African Charter. This paper finds that these extant legal frameworks in Nigeria are frost with several lacunas that will hamper and ultimately defeat the fight against human trafficking. The paper therefore makes suggestions on how to remedy the observed lacuna. The paper concludes by stating that the fight against human trafficking must be a collective effort by all. Human rights are not safe anywhere until all persons have enough of the same everywhere.
Article Details
How to Cite
Kingsley Osinachi N. Onu. (2022). Examination of The Legal Regime for Combatting Trafficking in Persons in Nigeria. Journal of Law Science, 4(3), 105-119. https://doi.org/10.35335/jls.v4i3.2552
References
Adebayo B (2018) Nigeria Overtakes India in Extreme Poverty Ranking. Retrieved November 2, 2018 from https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/26/africa/nigeria-overtakes-india-extreme-poverty-intl/index.html
Adepelumi, P. (2015). The Root Causes of Human Trafficking in Nigeria.African Center for Advocacy & Human Development, Nigeria.
Adepelumi, P. (2015). The Root Causes of Human Trafficking in Nigeria.African Center for Advocacy & Human Development, Nigeria.
Dranailova-Trainor, G. & Belser, P. (2006). Globalization and the Illicit Market for Human Trafficking: An Empirical Analysis of Supply and Demand. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
Emeka Polycarp Amechi, ‘Litigating Right to Healthy Environment in Nigeria: An Examination of the Impacts of the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009, In Ensuring Access to Justice for Victims of Environmental Degradation’, 6/3 Law, Environment and Development Journal (2010), p. 320, http://www.lead-journal.org/content/10320.pdf accessed 16 August 2017.
Eteng Ikpi Etobe (2009) ’Socio-Cultural Determinants of Sexual Behaviours and Trafficking in Children and Adolescents in the South-south Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria’. (Ph.D Thesis, Sociology, University of Zululand, South Africa). 270. 22.
Ezeilo, J.N. Human Rights Documents Relevant to Women and Children’s Rights in Nigeria (Lagos: Eddy Asae Nigeria Press, 2008) p. 499.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2008) Country Review Report No. 8 African Peer Review Mechanism at p. viii.
Idang, G. (2013) ‘Eliminating Human Trafficking’ Studies Home Communication Science 7(1): 49-54
Idehen, S.O., Edeko, M.O., Obasohan, O.J. (2013) ‘Child and Human Trafficking in Nigeria’ International Journal of Gender and Development Issues 1(1): 119-133.
ILO/IPEC. (2002). Child Trafficking in Nigeria: The State of theAct. Geneva: ILO/IPEC.
K.O.N. Onu & Kolawole O.A. (2020) Trafficking In Persons (Prohibition) Law Enforcement And Administration Act, 2015: An Old Wine In A New Bottle? Journal of Law and Criminal Justice. Vol. 8. No. 1., 50-62, 59. Available online at URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/jlcj.v8n1a4.
Kaplan, H. et al (1987). Deviant Peers and Deviant Behaviour: Further Elaboration of a Model. Sodal Psychology Quarterly, 50; 277-284. 93.
Kigbu S.K and Hassan Y.B. (2015) ‘Legal Framework for Combating Human Trafficking In Nigeria: The Journey So Far’ Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization. Vol. 38. 2015. Pp 205-220.
Kingsley N.O. Onu (2018) ‘An Appraisal of the EU-ACP Cotonou Partnership Agreement’ The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol. 9 No. 3; 133-153, at 147
Ladan M.T. 2011 ‘Combating Trafficking Of Children And Women Under International And Nigerian Legal Regimes’ A Paper Presented At A Training Workshop On United Nations System And Programme Organised By The Nigerian Institute Of Advanced Legal Studies, Lagos, between 5-8 of December, 2011.
Makisaka, M. (2009) ‘Human Trafficking: A Brief Overview’ Social Development Notes: Conflict, Crime and Violence (122): 1-15
Muntarbhorn, V. (2002). Human Rights Versus Human Trafficking in the Face of Globalization. Geneva: UN Human Rights Commission Publication.6; See also Bruckert, C. & Parent,C. (2002). Trafficking in Human Beings and Organized Crime: A literature Review. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 15.
Okeshola F.B. and Adenugba A (2018) ‘Human Trafficking: A Modern Day Slavery in Nigeria’ American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 8, No. 2, June 2018.40-44. Retrieved November 1, 2018 from doi:10.30845/aijcr.v8n2p5
Okeshola F.B. and Adenugba A (2018) ‘Human Trafficking: A Modern Day Slavery in Nigeria’ American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 8, No. 2, June 2018.40-44. Retrieved November 1, 2018 from doi:10.30845/aijcr.v8n2p5
Okeshola F.B. and Adenugba A (2018) ‘Human Trafficking: A Modern Day Slavery in Nigeria’ American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 8, No. 2, June 2018.40-44. Retrieved November 1, 2018 from doi:10.30845/aijcr.v8n2p5
Okeshola, B.F. (2007).“Assessment of Trafficking in Persons, for Labour Purposes in West and Central Africa, especially Children and Women (Nigeria – Cameroon Human Trafficking Assessment)”. A Research conducted for National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons and Other Related Matters (NAPTIP); Okeshola, B. F. (2007), Child Labour as a Social Problem in Nigeria. A Paper Presented at the Workshop Organised by NAPTIP, Kano in Collaboration with UNICEF 'D' between 14th August and 16th August .
OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, (2010) Analysing The Business Model Of Trafficking In Human Beings To Better Prevent The Crime. Austria: UN.GIF. p.17.
UNICEF, Lagos, Nigeria:- Child Trafficking in Nigerian Southern Border Towns (1999), in:- ANPPCAN Nigeria, Child Rights Monitor, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 51-63; See also Federal Government of Nigeria, Abuja:- Country Report on Child Trafficking in Nigeria (2002).
Uwa, O., Okor, P., Titilade, A. (2014) ‘Human Trafficking and Interface of Slavery in the 21st Century Nigeria’ Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 4(21): 10-19. See also Hassan B.M. (2015) ‘Why is Human Trafficking a Challenging issue in Nigeria? Retrieved October 31, 2018 from https://www.academia.edu/34604724/Why_is_Human_Trafficking_a_Challenging_issue_in_Nigeria_WHY_IS_HUMAN_TRAFFICKING_A_CHALLENGING_ISSUE_IN_NIGERIA?auto=download.
Uwa, O., Okor, P., Titilade, A. (2014) ‘Human Trafficking and Interface of Slavery in the 21st Century Nigeria’ Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 4(21): 10-19. 17
Uyanga, R., Dickson, A., and Mbosowo, M. (2014). Female Indebtedness and Enslavement: A Study of Relationships and Trends in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities Vol, 3, 2.
Vander Zanden, J.W. (1996). Sociology: The Core 4th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hili. 225
Weiner, S. (1998). The Sociology of Knowledge. London: Routledge and Kegan-Paul. 275.
Adepelumi, P. (2015). The Root Causes of Human Trafficking in Nigeria.African Center for Advocacy & Human Development, Nigeria.
Adepelumi, P. (2015). The Root Causes of Human Trafficking in Nigeria.African Center for Advocacy & Human Development, Nigeria.
Dranailova-Trainor, G. & Belser, P. (2006). Globalization and the Illicit Market for Human Trafficking: An Empirical Analysis of Supply and Demand. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
Emeka Polycarp Amechi, ‘Litigating Right to Healthy Environment in Nigeria: An Examination of the Impacts of the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009, In Ensuring Access to Justice for Victims of Environmental Degradation’, 6/3 Law, Environment and Development Journal (2010), p. 320, http://www.lead-journal.org/content/10320.pdf accessed 16 August 2017.
Eteng Ikpi Etobe (2009) ’Socio-Cultural Determinants of Sexual Behaviours and Trafficking in Children and Adolescents in the South-south Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria’. (Ph.D Thesis, Sociology, University of Zululand, South Africa). 270. 22.
Ezeilo, J.N. Human Rights Documents Relevant to Women and Children’s Rights in Nigeria (Lagos: Eddy Asae Nigeria Press, 2008) p. 499.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2008) Country Review Report No. 8 African Peer Review Mechanism at p. viii.
Idang, G. (2013) ‘Eliminating Human Trafficking’ Studies Home Communication Science 7(1): 49-54
Idehen, S.O., Edeko, M.O., Obasohan, O.J. (2013) ‘Child and Human Trafficking in Nigeria’ International Journal of Gender and Development Issues 1(1): 119-133.
ILO/IPEC. (2002). Child Trafficking in Nigeria: The State of theAct. Geneva: ILO/IPEC.
K.O.N. Onu & Kolawole O.A. (2020) Trafficking In Persons (Prohibition) Law Enforcement And Administration Act, 2015: An Old Wine In A New Bottle? Journal of Law and Criminal Justice. Vol. 8. No. 1., 50-62, 59. Available online at URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/jlcj.v8n1a4.
Kaplan, H. et al (1987). Deviant Peers and Deviant Behaviour: Further Elaboration of a Model. Sodal Psychology Quarterly, 50; 277-284. 93.
Kigbu S.K and Hassan Y.B. (2015) ‘Legal Framework for Combating Human Trafficking In Nigeria: The Journey So Far’ Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization. Vol. 38. 2015. Pp 205-220.
Kingsley N.O. Onu (2018) ‘An Appraisal of the EU-ACP Cotonou Partnership Agreement’ The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol. 9 No. 3; 133-153, at 147
Ladan M.T. 2011 ‘Combating Trafficking Of Children And Women Under International And Nigerian Legal Regimes’ A Paper Presented At A Training Workshop On United Nations System And Programme Organised By The Nigerian Institute Of Advanced Legal Studies, Lagos, between 5-8 of December, 2011.
Makisaka, M. (2009) ‘Human Trafficking: A Brief Overview’ Social Development Notes: Conflict, Crime and Violence (122): 1-15
Muntarbhorn, V. (2002). Human Rights Versus Human Trafficking in the Face of Globalization. Geneva: UN Human Rights Commission Publication.6; See also Bruckert, C. & Parent,C. (2002). Trafficking in Human Beings and Organized Crime: A literature Review. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 15.
Okeshola F.B. and Adenugba A (2018) ‘Human Trafficking: A Modern Day Slavery in Nigeria’ American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 8, No. 2, June 2018.40-44. Retrieved November 1, 2018 from doi:10.30845/aijcr.v8n2p5
Okeshola F.B. and Adenugba A (2018) ‘Human Trafficking: A Modern Day Slavery in Nigeria’ American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 8, No. 2, June 2018.40-44. Retrieved November 1, 2018 from doi:10.30845/aijcr.v8n2p5
Okeshola F.B. and Adenugba A (2018) ‘Human Trafficking: A Modern Day Slavery in Nigeria’ American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 8, No. 2, June 2018.40-44. Retrieved November 1, 2018 from doi:10.30845/aijcr.v8n2p5
Okeshola, B.F. (2007).“Assessment of Trafficking in Persons, for Labour Purposes in West and Central Africa, especially Children and Women (Nigeria – Cameroon Human Trafficking Assessment)”. A Research conducted for National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons and Other Related Matters (NAPTIP); Okeshola, B. F. (2007), Child Labour as a Social Problem in Nigeria. A Paper Presented at the Workshop Organised by NAPTIP, Kano in Collaboration with UNICEF 'D' between 14th August and 16th August .
OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, (2010) Analysing The Business Model Of Trafficking In Human Beings To Better Prevent The Crime. Austria: UN.GIF. p.17.
UNICEF, Lagos, Nigeria:- Child Trafficking in Nigerian Southern Border Towns (1999), in:- ANPPCAN Nigeria, Child Rights Monitor, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 51-63; See also Federal Government of Nigeria, Abuja:- Country Report on Child Trafficking in Nigeria (2002).
Uwa, O., Okor, P., Titilade, A. (2014) ‘Human Trafficking and Interface of Slavery in the 21st Century Nigeria’ Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 4(21): 10-19. See also Hassan B.M. (2015) ‘Why is Human Trafficking a Challenging issue in Nigeria? Retrieved October 31, 2018 from https://www.academia.edu/34604724/Why_is_Human_Trafficking_a_Challenging_issue_in_Nigeria_WHY_IS_HUMAN_TRAFFICKING_A_CHALLENGING_ISSUE_IN_NIGERIA?auto=download.
Uwa, O., Okor, P., Titilade, A. (2014) ‘Human Trafficking and Interface of Slavery in the 21st Century Nigeria’ Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 4(21): 10-19. 17
Uyanga, R., Dickson, A., and Mbosowo, M. (2014). Female Indebtedness and Enslavement: A Study of Relationships and Trends in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities Vol, 3, 2.
Vander Zanden, J.W. (1996). Sociology: The Core 4th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hili. 225
Weiner, S. (1998). The Sociology of Knowledge. London: Routledge and Kegan-Paul. 275.
Copyright and Licensing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.