Analysis of the ARUNIKA program for preventing sexual violence against women and supporting SDG 5

Abstract

Sexual violence against women remains a critical social issue related to gender equality, human rights, and sustainable development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the ARUNIKA Program by SPEK-HAM Surakarta in strengthening community-based mechanisms for preventing and responding to sexual violence and its conceptual contribution to SDGs Goal 5 Target 5.2. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach in Nusukan Village, Surakarta. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and document analysis involving 13 informants, including program managers, community organizers, women participants, youth participants, and community leaders selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, with source and methodological triangulation to ensure validity. The findings identified four main themes: community education and awareness, empowerment and capacity strengthening, advocacy and reporting mechanisms, and referral networks and access to protection services. Informants reported increased understanding of sexual violence, victims’ rights, confidentiality, reporting mechanisms, and available services. The program also strengthened the roles of women, cadres, youth groups, community leaders, and service networks in responding to violence. Observations showed participants’ involvement in identifying problems, developing policy recommendations, and preparing a policy brief. However, the findings do not demonstrate a reduction in violence prevalence because SDGs indicators 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 were not directly measured. Thus, ARUNIKA’s contribution to SDGs Target 5.2 is conceptual, particularly through strengthening community capacities and mechanisms underlying responses to violence against women. Further research is needed to assess its long-term outcomes using direct measures.