A comprehensive analysis of Indonesia’s education quality development across infrastructure, curriculum, teacher competence, technology, and character education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/cendikia.v16i3.6863Keywords:
Education Policy, Independent Curriculum, Pancasila Student Profile (P5), Quality of EducationAbstract
Education is the main foundation in building quality and competitive human resources (HR) in the global era. The quality of education is an important indicator in determining a nation's ability to face technological developments, global competition, and the demands of 21st century competencies. This study aims to describe the policy of developing the quality of education in Indonesia through several main aspects, namely strengthening infrastructure, revitalizing the curriculum, improving the quality of teachers, utilizing educational technology, character education, and learning from international practices. The study was carried out through a literature study of policy documents, government reports, and previous research. The results of the study show that education policies in Indonesia have moved towards a more adaptive direction, including the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, the Teacher Driving program, school digitalization, and strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile. However, challenges such as infrastructure inequality, teacher competency gaps, low digital literacy, and uneven implementation of P5 are still obstacles. This article contributes theoretically and practically to education policy studies in Indonesia by providing an integrative analytical framework for evaluating policy directions in education quality improvement and offering strategic insights to support evidence-based and sustainable policy formulation. It is necessary to strengthen governance, equitable distribution of facilities, increase teacher capacity, and cross-sector collaboration to support the sustainable development of education quality.
References
Anggini, P., & Husna, H. (2024). Independent Curriculum In Improving The Quality Of Education. Education Achievement Journal of Science and Research, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.51178/jsr.v5i2.1872
Anisa, D. L. N. (2022). IMPLEMENTATION OF INDEPENDENT LEARNING CURRICULUM AS A 21st CENTURY LEARNING MODEL IN HIGHER EDUCATION. MANAGERIA: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 233–248. https://doi.org/10.14421/manageria.2022.72-15
Ardakani, F., Yarmohammadian, M., & Ardakani, A. (2016). Comparative study approaches to higher education in graduate section in different countries. International Journal of Educational and Psychological Researches, 2(3), 170. https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-2296.183539
Armianti, R., Yunita, S., & Dharma, S. (2024). Integrasi Teknologi Digital dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila untuk Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila: Integration of Digital Technology in Pancasila Education Learning to Strengthen the Profile of Pancasila Students. Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 4(02), 782–792. https://doi.org/10.47709/educendikia.v4i02.4838
Ayas, I., & Charles, T. (2024). Tech-Integrated Curriculum Development. Open Access Library Journal, 11(6), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1111714
Azis, M., Hashim, S. B., Muhajir, M., & Suardi, S. (2025). The Impact of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project on Political Literacy and Civic Knowledge among Senior High School Students. JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi), 10(2), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.26618/jed.v10i2.18028
Deffinika, I., Putri, I., & ANGIN, K. (2021). HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING TOWARDS GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 38, 1280–1288. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.38436-770
Gorgy, A., Hawary, H. E., Galli, R., MacDonald, M., Barone, N., & Thibaudeau, S. (2022). Evaluating the educational quality of surgical YouTube® videos: A systematic review. Health Sciences Review, 5, 100067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsr.2022.100067
Herlinawati, H., Marwa, M., Ismail, N., Junaidi, J., Liza, L. O., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2024). The integration of 21st century skills in the curriculum of education. Heliyon, 10(15), e35148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35148
Kabanda, M. N. (2021). Globalization and Curriculum in the 21st Century: A Case for Flexible and Dynamic Curriculum. Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 18–29. https://doi.org/10.34256/ajir2132
Li, M. (2025). Exploring the digital divide in primary education: A comparative study of urban and rural mathematics teachers’ TPACK and attitudes towards technology integration in post-pandemic China. Education and Information Technologies, 30(2), 1913–1945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12890-x
Luthfi, A., Poespitohadi, W., Putra, I. M. A. W. W., & Mawarni, D. I. (2025). QUALITY EDUCATION IN ACHIEVING THE SDGS IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Mediasosian?: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Administrasi Negara, 9(1), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.30737/mediasosian.v9i1.6396
Mustafa, F., Nguyen, H. T. M., & Gao, X. (Andy). (2024). The challenges and solutions of technology integration in rural schools: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 126, 102380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2024.102380
Ningsih, A. R., Mentari, S., Julyanto, R., Safrudin, S., Santi, S., & Dewi, O. S. (2022). The Development of Educational Human Resources through Indonesia’s Education System. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 1(4), 334–345.
Nurhidayat, D. (2024, July 1). 92.888 Guru Lulus Program Pendidikan Guru Penggerak [Media Indonesia]. https://mediaindonesia.com/humaniora/681804/92888-guru-lulus-program-pendidikan-guru-penggerak
Prasetiyo, N. T., Sariyani, S., & Haq, M. D. (2024). Implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) in Enhancing Student Character | JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(11). https://jiip.stkipyapisdompu.ac.id/jiip/index.php/JIIP/article/view/6278
Rini, A. P., Firmansyah, N. F., Widiastuti, N., Christyowati, Y. I., & Fatirul, A. N. (2023). Pendekatan Terintegrasi dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Abad 21. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Holistik (JIPH), 2(2), 171–182. https://doi.org/10.55927/jiph.v2i2.3942
Sain, Z. H., Aziz, A. L., & Agoi, M. A. (2024). Navigating Educational Challenges in Indonesia: Policy Recommendations for Future Success. JOURNAL OF DIGITAL LEARNING AND DISTANCE EDUCATION, 3(4), 1038–1046. https://doi.org/10.56778/jdlde.v3i4.339
Siagian, E., & Iskandar, I. (2020). HOTS-ORIENTED LEARNING LANGUAGE LEARNING, PROJECT-BASED IN THE 21ST CENTURY LEARNING CONTEXT. IJLECR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND CULTURE REVIEW, 6, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.21009/IJLECR.061.02
Smart School Project—Platform Digitalisasi Sekolah Terbaik Indonesia. (2025). https://smartschoolproject.id/
Valmay, A. C., Supriyanto, A., & Sunandar, A. (2024). Analysis of Strategies in Improving the Quality of Education in the 3T Region. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(2), 1593–1600. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i2.633
Yulfianti, S. Y., & Dewi, R. M. (2021). Efek Learning Management System Berbasis Google Classroom dan Minat Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Siswa | Jurnal Kependidikan. Jurnal Kependidikan Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 7(2), 491.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Kristiyuana Kristiyuana, Eko Handoyo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
