Design and development of an IoT-based smart trolley with budget-limiting features to reduce queues in supermarkets
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Abstract
This study presents the design and implementation of a smart shopping trolley system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology, aimed at improving retail efficiency and customer control. The system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller, RFID reader, LCD display, keypad, and buzzer to monitor total purchases in real time and alert users when a predefined budget is exceeded. Through a design and development methodology, the prototype was tested using 25 products and 10 scenarios. Results showed 100% accuracy in item detection and instant budget alert response. This research addresses a key gap in previous smart trolley systems by incorporating dynamic budget control and user-defined notifications. The system offers strong potential for further integration into real retail environments and serves as a foundation for future smart retail innovations.
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How to Cite
Zuchriadi, A., Martana, B., Rahayu, F. and Pradana, S. (2025) “Design and development of an IoT-based smart trolley with budget-limiting features to reduce queues in supermarkets”, Jurnal Mantik, 9(2), pp. 2546-2553. doi: 10.35335/mantik.v8i6.6619.
References
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Bita, A. A., Saud Al-Humairi, S. N., & Binti Mohamad Azlan, A. S. (2021). Towards a sustainable development cities through smart shopping trolly: A response to the covid-19 pandemic. ISCAIE 2021 - IEEE 11th Symposium on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics, 141–145. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAIE51753.2021.9431780
Das, T. K., Tripathy, A. K., & Srinivasan, K. (2020). A Smart Trolley for Smart Shopping. 2020 International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking, ICSCAN 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCAN49426.2020.9262350
Deepa, S., Amala Nihila, A., Prabhavathi, J., Meenatchi, M., & Varsha, M. J. (2021). Shopping Wagon: A Smart Shopping System Using RFID for Shopping Malls. Advances in Parallel Computing, 39, 789–794. https://doi.org/10.3233/APC210281
Faang, H. Y., Yaakob, N., Elshaikh, M. E., Sidek, A. K., Lynn, O. B., & Almashor, M. (2021). IoT-Based Automated and Contactless Shopping Cart during Pandemic Diseases Outbreak. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1962(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1962/1/012051
Gunawan, A. A. S., Andreal, E. J., Budiharto, W., Ngarianto, H., Attamimi, M., & Tolle, H. (2023). Item Verification on the Smart Trolley System using Object Recognition based on the Structural Similarity Index. Procedia Computer Science, 227, 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.10.512
Gunawan, A. A. S., Stevanus, V., Farley, A., Ngarianto, H., Budiharto, W., Tolle, H., & Attamimi, M. (2019). Development of smart trolley system based on android smartphone sensors. Procedia Computer Science, 157, 629–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.08.225
Hanooja, T., Raji, C. G., Sreelekha, M., Koniyath, J., Muhammed Ameen, V. K., & Mohammed Noufal, M. (2020). Human Friendly Smart Trolley with Automatic Billing System. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology, ICECA 2020, 1614–1619. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECA49313.2020.9297439
Idah Kusuma Dewi. (2023). Changes In Retail Consumer Shopping Behavior After The End Of Covid 19 In Indonesia: Towards Digital Transformation Behavior. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL ADVANCE TOURISM, MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 1(2), 640–650. https://doi.org/10.56910/ictmt.v1i2.139
Karjol, S., Holla, A. K., & Abhilash, C. B. (2018). An IOT based smart shopping cart for smart shopping. In Communications in Computer and Information Science (Vol. 801, Issue September). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9059-2_33
Kowshika, S., Madhu Mitha, S. S., Madhu Varshini, G., Megha, V., & Lakshmi, K. (2021). IoT based Smart Shopping Trolley with Mobile Cart Application. 2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems, ICACCS 2021, 1186–1189. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCS51430.2021.9441866
Martinus, Wahab, M. S., Yudi, & Ham, H. (2021). Data Transmission Using RFID System on Smart Shopping Carts for Checkout Process Efficiency in Supermarket at Indonesia. Procedia Computer Science, 179, 902–912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.080
Muralidharan, J., Muthukumaran, N., Ranjith Kumar, R., & Rubika, M. (2021a). Smart Shopping Trolley System using IoT. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1937(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1937/1/012042
Muralidharan, J., Muthukumaran, N., Ranjith Kumar, R., & Rubika, M. (2021b). Smart Shopping Trolley System using IoT. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1937(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1937/1/012042
Murnawan, H. (2023). Analysis of the Effectiveness of Cashier Service with a Simulation of the Queue System. ICATECH 2023, 97–102. https://doi.org/10.5220/0012113300003680
Palmié, M., Miehé, L., Oghazi, P., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2022). The evolution of the digital service ecosystem and digital business model innovation in retail: The emergence of meta-ecosystems and the value of physical interactions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121496
Popi Wulandari, N., Kurniawan, E., & Intan Vidyastari, R. (2022). Smart Trolley for Surya Janti Supermarkets Slahung District Based on ATMega 328p. JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA), 6(2), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.21070/jeeeu.v6i2.1642
Purwantono, H. Y., Gunawan, A. A. S., Tolle, H., Attamimi, M., & Budiharto, W. (2021). A literature review: Feasibility Study of technology to improve shopping experience. Procedia Computer Science, 179, 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.030
Dhivyaa, M., Brindha, C., Haritha, T., Gokula Kannan, S., & Gunanandhini, S. (2021). A Multifunctional RFID enabled Shopping Tramcar. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1916(1), 012311. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1916/1/012311
Roe, M., Spanaki, K., Ioannou, A., Zamani, E. D., & Giannakis, M. (2022). Drivers and challenges of internet of things diffusion in smart stores: A field exploration. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121593
Salume, P. K., Barbosa, M. W., Pinto, M. R., & Sousa, P. R. (2021). Key dimensions of digital maturity: A study with retail sector companies in Brazil. Revista de Administracao Mackenzie, 22(6). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/ERAMD210071
Shankar, S. K., Balasubramani, S., Basha, S. A., Ariz Ahamed, S., & Kumar Reddy, N. S. (2021). Smart Trolley for Smart Shopping with an Advance Billing System using IoT. Proceedings - 5th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication, ICCMC 2021, Iccmc, 390–394. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCMC51019.2021.9418348
Sutagundar, A., Ettinamani, M., & Attar, A. (2018). Iot Based Smart Shopping Mall. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things, ICGCIoT 2018, 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGCIoT.2018.8752971
Thennavan, S. S., Sharan Prakash, S. S., & Professor, A. (2025). Smart Shopping Cart. IRJAEM, 3. https://doi.org/10.47392/IRJAEM.2025.092
Yeshwant Raj, S., Karthee, K., Kalyana Sundaram, S., Nishal, M., & Ram Prasad, K. (2018). Increasing reliability and productivity in hypermarkets by queuing theory analysis and a smart shopping cart-based system. International Journal of Business Excellence, 14(4), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2018.090317
Bello-Salau, H., Onumanyi, A. J., Michael, D., Isa, R., Alenoghena, C. O., & Ohize, H. (2021). A new automated smart cart system for modern shopping centres. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 10(4), 2028–2036. https://doi.org/10.11591/EEI.V10I4.2762
Bita, A. A., Saud Al-Humairi, S. N., & Binti Mohamad Azlan, A. S. (2021). Towards a sustainable development cities through smart shopping trolly: A response to the covid-19 pandemic. ISCAIE 2021 - IEEE 11th Symposium on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics, 141–145. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAIE51753.2021.9431780
Das, T. K., Tripathy, A. K., & Srinivasan, K. (2020). A Smart Trolley for Smart Shopping. 2020 International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking, ICSCAN 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCAN49426.2020.9262350
Deepa, S., Amala Nihila, A., Prabhavathi, J., Meenatchi, M., & Varsha, M. J. (2021). Shopping Wagon: A Smart Shopping System Using RFID for Shopping Malls. Advances in Parallel Computing, 39, 789–794. https://doi.org/10.3233/APC210281
Faang, H. Y., Yaakob, N., Elshaikh, M. E., Sidek, A. K., Lynn, O. B., & Almashor, M. (2021). IoT-Based Automated and Contactless Shopping Cart during Pandemic Diseases Outbreak. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1962(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1962/1/012051
Gunawan, A. A. S., Andreal, E. J., Budiharto, W., Ngarianto, H., Attamimi, M., & Tolle, H. (2023). Item Verification on the Smart Trolley System using Object Recognition based on the Structural Similarity Index. Procedia Computer Science, 227, 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.10.512
Gunawan, A. A. S., Stevanus, V., Farley, A., Ngarianto, H., Budiharto, W., Tolle, H., & Attamimi, M. (2019). Development of smart trolley system based on android smartphone sensors. Procedia Computer Science, 157, 629–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.08.225
Hanooja, T., Raji, C. G., Sreelekha, M., Koniyath, J., Muhammed Ameen, V. K., & Mohammed Noufal, M. (2020). Human Friendly Smart Trolley with Automatic Billing System. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology, ICECA 2020, 1614–1619. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECA49313.2020.9297439
Idah Kusuma Dewi. (2023). Changes In Retail Consumer Shopping Behavior After The End Of Covid 19 In Indonesia: Towards Digital Transformation Behavior. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL ADVANCE TOURISM, MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, 1(2), 640–650. https://doi.org/10.56910/ictmt.v1i2.139
Karjol, S., Holla, A. K., & Abhilash, C. B. (2018). An IOT based smart shopping cart for smart shopping. In Communications in Computer and Information Science (Vol. 801, Issue September). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9059-2_33
Kowshika, S., Madhu Mitha, S. S., Madhu Varshini, G., Megha, V., & Lakshmi, K. (2021). IoT based Smart Shopping Trolley with Mobile Cart Application. 2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems, ICACCS 2021, 1186–1189. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCS51430.2021.9441866
Martinus, Wahab, M. S., Yudi, & Ham, H. (2021). Data Transmission Using RFID System on Smart Shopping Carts for Checkout Process Efficiency in Supermarket at Indonesia. Procedia Computer Science, 179, 902–912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.080
Muralidharan, J., Muthukumaran, N., Ranjith Kumar, R., & Rubika, M. (2021a). Smart Shopping Trolley System using IoT. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1937(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1937/1/012042
Muralidharan, J., Muthukumaran, N., Ranjith Kumar, R., & Rubika, M. (2021b). Smart Shopping Trolley System using IoT. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1937(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1937/1/012042
Murnawan, H. (2023). Analysis of the Effectiveness of Cashier Service with a Simulation of the Queue System. ICATECH 2023, 97–102. https://doi.org/10.5220/0012113300003680
Palmié, M., Miehé, L., Oghazi, P., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2022). The evolution of the digital service ecosystem and digital business model innovation in retail: The emergence of meta-ecosystems and the value of physical interactions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121496
Popi Wulandari, N., Kurniawan, E., & Intan Vidyastari, R. (2022). Smart Trolley for Surya Janti Supermarkets Slahung District Based on ATMega 328p. JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA), 6(2), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.21070/jeeeu.v6i2.1642
Purwantono, H. Y., Gunawan, A. A. S., Tolle, H., Attamimi, M., & Budiharto, W. (2021). A literature review: Feasibility Study of technology to improve shopping experience. Procedia Computer Science, 179, 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.030
Dhivyaa, M., Brindha, C., Haritha, T., Gokula Kannan, S., & Gunanandhini, S. (2021). A Multifunctional RFID enabled Shopping Tramcar. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1916(1), 012311. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1916/1/012311
Roe, M., Spanaki, K., Ioannou, A., Zamani, E. D., & Giannakis, M. (2022). Drivers and challenges of internet of things diffusion in smart stores: A field exploration. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121593
Salume, P. K., Barbosa, M. W., Pinto, M. R., & Sousa, P. R. (2021). Key dimensions of digital maturity: A study with retail sector companies in Brazil. Revista de Administracao Mackenzie, 22(6). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/ERAMD210071
Shankar, S. K., Balasubramani, S., Basha, S. A., Ariz Ahamed, S., & Kumar Reddy, N. S. (2021). Smart Trolley for Smart Shopping with an Advance Billing System using IoT. Proceedings - 5th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication, ICCMC 2021, Iccmc, 390–394. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCMC51019.2021.9418348
Sutagundar, A., Ettinamani, M., & Attar, A. (2018). Iot Based Smart Shopping Mall. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things, ICGCIoT 2018, 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGCIoT.2018.8752971
Thennavan, S. S., Sharan Prakash, S. S., & Professor, A. (2025). Smart Shopping Cart. IRJAEM, 3. https://doi.org/10.47392/IRJAEM.2025.092
Yeshwant Raj, S., Karthee, K., Kalyana Sundaram, S., Nishal, M., & Ram Prasad, K. (2018). Increasing reliability and productivity in hypermarkets by queuing theory analysis and a smart shopping cart-based system. International Journal of Business Excellence, 14(4), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2018.090317
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