Unlocking employee performance: the chain effect of servant leadership, organizational culture, and organizational commitment
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Abstract
A This study aims to examine the influence of servant leadership and organizational culture on employee performance, with organizational commitment serving as a mediating variable at PT Taspen (Persero) Pontianak Branch. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach using both primary and secondary data. The population consists of all employees at PT Taspen (Persero) Pontianak Branch, with a census or saturated sampling technique involving 102 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS4 version 4.1.0.2. The results indicate that both servant leadership and organizational culture have a direct and significant effect on organizational commitment, as well as a direct and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, organizational commitment also has a direct and significant impact on employee performance. The findings also demonstrate that organizational commitment mediates the relationship between servant leadership and organizational culture on employee performance. Theoretically, this study provides an important contribution to the understanding of factors that influence employee performance, particularly within the context of PT Taspen (Persero) Pontianak Branch
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Marumpe, D. P. ., Jaya, A., Nabila, A. J. . and Adelia, S. . (2025) “Unlocking employee performance: the chain effect of servant leadership, organizational culture, and organizational commitment”, Jurnal Mantik, 9(2), pp. 495-504. doi: 10.35335/mantik.v8i6.6508.
References
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Ng, Y. N. K. (2022). Effects of servant leadership, affective commitment, and trust on knowledge-sharing tendency in the financial industry. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2022.2110004
Nikpour, A. (2017). The impact of organizational culture on organizational performance: The mediating role of employee’s organizational commitment. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2017.60432
Peña, J., & Caruajulca, P. (2024). The mediating role of organizational culture between transformational leadership and organizational performance in SMEs. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 37(2), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-10-2023-0172
Posumah, N., & Moridu, I. (2022). The Influence Of Organizational Commitment On Employee Performance. The International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Technology (ICESST), 1, 203–209. https://doi.org/10.55606/icesst.v1i1.350
Qomari, N., & Yuliantini, T. (2024). The Role of Employee Engagement in Mediating Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. 10(3), 327–336.
Ruiz-Palomino, P., Linuesa-Langreo, J., & Elche, D. (2023). Team-level servant leadership and team performance: The mediating roles of organizational citizenship behavior and internal social capital. Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility, 32(S2), 127–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12390
Sahertian, O., Setiawan, M., & Sunaryo, S. (2020). Culture and employee performance: The mediating role of personality and commitment. Management Science Letters, 1567–1574. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.12.010
Shao, Z. (2019). Interaction effect of strategic leadership behaviors and organizational culture on IS-Business strategic alignment and Enterprise Systems assimilation. International Journal of Information Management, 44, 96–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.09.010
Vrcelj, N., Bevanda, V., & Bevanda, N. (2022). Servant Leadership: Influence of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Management:Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2022.0009
Weilin, S., Bei, L., Chen, H., & Zhang, Y. (2020). How does servant leadership influence employees’ service innovative behavior? The roles of intrinsic motivation and identification with the leader. Baltic Journal of Management, ahead-of-p. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-09-2019-0335
Zhang-Zhang, Y., Gopinath, C., & Adeel, A. (2020). Impact of Servant Leadership on Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective and Cognitive Trust. SAGE Open, 10, 215824401990056. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900562
Abduraimi, P., MUSTAFI, M., & Islami, X. (2023). The role of organizational culture on employee engagement. Verslas Teorija Ir Praktika, 24, 109–122. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2023.17241
Adam, A., Yuniarsih, T., Ahman, E., & Kusnendi, K. (2020). The Mediation Effect of Organizational Commitment in the Relation of Organization Culture and Employee Performance. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200131.056
Agusta, N., & Azmy, A. (2023). Servant Leadership and Career Development: Supporting Employee Growth. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10, 350. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v10i12.5320
Alajhar, N., & Salam, M. (2022). Servant Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i4/12888
ALmahasneh, Y., Rahman, M., Omar, K., & Zulkiffli, S. (2022). THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL STIMULATION, INDIVIDUALIZED CONSIDERATION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCES. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 57, 43–59. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.1.5
Ardebilpour, M., Ardebilpour, A., Kerry, P., & Falahat, M. (2024). Impact of organizational culture on employee commitment: Mediating role of employee engagement and perceived organizational support. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8, 4997. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i8.4997
Bonini, A., Panari, C., Caricati, L., & Mariani, M. (2024). The relationship between leadership and adaptive performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304720
Damayanti, F., & Darmawan, D. (2025). THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Terapan, 3, 104–108. https://doi.org/10.20961/meister.v3i1.2063
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant Leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). An Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling BT - Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook (J. F. Hair Jr., G. T. M. Hult, C. M. Ringle, M. Sarstedt, N. P. Danks, & S. Ray (eds.); pp. 1–29). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_1
Hung, Y.-C., Su, T.-C., & Lou, K.-R. (2022). Impact of Organizational Culture on Individual Work Performance with National Culture of Cross-Strait Enterprises as a Moderator. Sustainability, 14, 6897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116897
Jaya, W. I., Matriadi, F., Faliza, N., Marbawi, M., Mariyudi, M., Ikramuddin, I., & Arifin, A. H. (2024). The Influence Of High-Performance Work Systems And Servant Leadership On Organizational Performance Through The Mediation Role Of Employee Work Engagement At Bank Indonesia Representative Aceh. E-Mabis: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 25(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.29103/e-mabis.v25i1.1265
Kartono, Margono Setiawan, Sunaryo, & Wahdiyat Moko. (2024). Servant Leadership And Employee Performance: The Mediating Role Of Leader-Member Exchange And Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(4 SE-Articles), 1077–1085. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i4.1596
Kuhn, S. (2024). The Impact of Organizational Culture on the Innovation and Performance of SMEs: A Comparative Study between Germany and Thailand. Global Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509241246558
Mushtaq, N., Gulzar, S., Khan, A. U., & ... (2021). … the Intervening Role of Autonomy, Competency, Relatedness Satisfaction and Proactive Personality in the Relationship Between …. Bulletin of Business and …, 10(2), 157–169. https://bbejournal.com/index.php/BBE/article/view/96
Ng, Y. N. K. (2022). Effects of servant leadership, affective commitment, and trust on knowledge-sharing tendency in the financial industry. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2022.2110004
Nikpour, A. (2017). The impact of organizational culture on organizational performance: The mediating role of employee’s organizational commitment. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2017.60432
Peña, J., & Caruajulca, P. (2024). The mediating role of organizational culture between transformational leadership and organizational performance in SMEs. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 37(2), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-10-2023-0172
Posumah, N., & Moridu, I. (2022). The Influence Of Organizational Commitment On Employee Performance. The International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Technology (ICESST), 1, 203–209. https://doi.org/10.55606/icesst.v1i1.350
Qomari, N., & Yuliantini, T. (2024). The Role of Employee Engagement in Mediating Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. 10(3), 327–336.
Ruiz-Palomino, P., Linuesa-Langreo, J., & Elche, D. (2023). Team-level servant leadership and team performance: The mediating roles of organizational citizenship behavior and internal social capital. Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility, 32(S2), 127–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12390
Sahertian, O., Setiawan, M., & Sunaryo, S. (2020). Culture and employee performance: The mediating role of personality and commitment. Management Science Letters, 1567–1574. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.12.010
Shao, Z. (2019). Interaction effect of strategic leadership behaviors and organizational culture on IS-Business strategic alignment and Enterprise Systems assimilation. International Journal of Information Management, 44, 96–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.09.010
Vrcelj, N., Bevanda, V., & Bevanda, N. (2022). Servant Leadership: Influence of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Management:Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2022.0009
Weilin, S., Bei, L., Chen, H., & Zhang, Y. (2020). How does servant leadership influence employees’ service innovative behavior? The roles of intrinsic motivation and identification with the leader. Baltic Journal of Management, ahead-of-p. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-09-2019-0335
Zhang-Zhang, Y., Gopinath, C., & Adeel, A. (2020). Impact of Servant Leadership on Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective and Cognitive Trust. SAGE Open, 10, 215824401990056. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900562
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