The influence of servant leadership through job engagement and organizational citizenship behavior as intervening variables on employee performance (a study on pt. Ahs kota serang)
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of Servant Leadership on Employee Performance, with Job Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as the mediating variables in PT. AHS, Serang City. This study examined fluctuations in employee performance influenced by leadership style, work engagement, and organizational civic behavior with 124 respondents. The method used is quantitative with data analysis using SmartPLS 4. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, Servant Leadership has a positive and significant influence on Employee Performance, Job Engagement, and OCB. In addition, Job Engagement and OCB have been proven to mediate the influence of Servant Leadership on Employee Performance. The results of the bootstrapping test showed that the statistical T-value for the direct relationship of Servant Leadership to Employee Performance was 0.023 (smaller than the T of table 1.960) and the P-value was 0.981 (greater than 0.05), indicating no significant effect. The test also shows that both Job Engagement and OCB have an important role as mediators that strengthen the relationship between Servant Leadership and Employee Performance
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Sucipto, A. H. ., Sanusi, F. . and Imron, A. . (2025) “The influence of servant leadership through job engagement and organizational citizenship behavior as intervening variables on employee performance (a study on pt. Ahs kota serang)”, Jurnal Mantik, 9(2), pp. 366-374. doi: 10.35335/mantik.v8i6.6393.
References
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Bhardwaj, B., & Kalia, N. (2021). Contextual and task performance: role of employee engagement and organizational culture in hospitality industry. Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management, 18(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/xjm-08-2020-0089
Cronje, J. C. (2020). Designing Questions for Research Design and Design Research in e?Learning. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 18(1), pp13-24.
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant Leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Hamzad, Nurwati, Sukotjo, E., & Aliddin, L. A. (2024). Exploring the Influence of Servant Leadership and Job Engagement on Affective Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Agricultural Sector. Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences, 12(1), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIAS/24.1300
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Hasanah, U., & Mujanah, S. (2020). THE EFFECT OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP, SELF-AWARENESS, AND COMPETENCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES OF PUBLIC WORKS IN BANGKALAN DISTRICT. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 4(2015), 136–146. https://doi.org/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/ekt.v4i2.3136
Hermawati, A., & Mas, N. (2017). Mediation effect of Quality of Worklife, Job Involvement, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Case Study in The Most Outstanding Cooperatives in East Java Province). The Eletronic Library, 34(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-08-2016-0070
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Ismail, H. N., Iqbal, A., & Nasr, L. (2019). Employee engagement and job performance in Lebanon: the mediating role of creativity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(3), 506–523. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-02-2018-0052
Khattak, M. N., & O’Connor, P. (2021). The interplay between servant leadership and organizational politics. Personnel Review, 50(3), 985–1002. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2020-0131
Kissi, E., Asare, O. A., Agyekum, K., Yamoah Agyemang, D., & Labaran, M. (2019). Ascertaining the interaction effects among organisational citizenship behaviour, work overload and employees’ performance in the Ghanaian construction industry. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(7), 1235–1249. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-07-2018-0262
Limbong, L., & Saragih, S. (2023). The effectiveness of servant leadership in enhancing innovative work behavior: The art of job engagement. Jurnal Manajemen Maranatha, 23(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.28932/jmm.v23i1.7018
Ribeiro, N., Duarte, A. P., & Filipe, R. (2018). How authentic leadership promotes individual performance: Mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior and creativity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 67(9), 1585–1607. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-11-2017-0318
Saleem, F. (2020). Impact of Servant Leadership on Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective and Cognitive Trust. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900562
Sanusi, F., & Widiyanto, A. (2021). Konflik Peran Ganda Dan Manajemen Stres Kerja Karyawan Wanita Di PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk. Jurnal Riset Bisnis Dan Manajemen Tirtayasa, 5(1), 64–83. https://doi.org/10.48181/jrbmt.v5i1.11546
Sapta, I. K. S., Wiadnyana, D. G. A., & Wijana, I. M. D. (2023). The Role of Motivation and Servant Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance in the Investment and One-Stop Services Office, Gianyar Regency. International Journal of Management and Economics Invention, 09(10), 3093–3102. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmei/v9i10.01
Sihombing, S., Astuti, E. S., Mussadieq, M., Hamied, D., & Rahardjo, K. (2018). The Effect of Servant Leadership to Rewards, Organizational Culture, and its Implication to Employee’s Performance (Case Study on the Employees of PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk. Indonesia). International Journal of Law and Management-Emerald Insight, 7(5), 781–796.
Song, Y., Tian, Q. tao, & Kwan, H. K. (2022). Servant leadership and employee voice: a moderated mediation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 37(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-02-2020-0077
Tensay, A. T., & Singh, M. (2020). The nexus between HRM, employee engagement and organizational performance of federal public service organizations in Ethiopia. Heliyon, 6(6), e04094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04094
Toth, I., Heinänen, S., & Puumalainen, K. (2021). Passionate and engaged? Passion for inventing and work engagement in different knowledge work contexts. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 27(9), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-09-2020-0632
Vincent Ivwighrevero, O., Emmanuel Ejiroghene, A., & Andrew Ajedafemu, O. (2023). Mediating Effect of Job Engagement on the Relationship between Servant Leadership and Employee Performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 14(2), 78–91. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijbss.v14n1p8
Asa Putra, P. J., Hastuti, T., & Mas’ud, M. H. (2023). The Effect of Servant Leadership And Loyalty On Employee Performance And Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) As A Mediating Variable. Conference on Economic and Business Innovation (CEBI), 3(1), 380–393. https://doi.org/10.31328/cebi.v3i1.371
Ayu Putu Widani Sugianingrat, I., Rini Widyawati, S., Alexandra de Jesus da Costa, C., Ximenes, M., Dos Reis Piedade, S., & Gede Sarmawa, W. (2019). The employee engagement and OCB as mediating on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(2), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2018-0124
Bhardwaj, B., & Kalia, N. (2021). Contextual and task performance: role of employee engagement and organizational culture in hospitality industry. Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management, 18(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/xjm-08-2020-0089
Cronje, J. C. (2020). Designing Questions for Research Design and Design Research in e?Learning. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 18(1), pp13-24.
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant Leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Hamzad, Nurwati, Sukotjo, E., & Aliddin, L. A. (2024). Exploring the Influence of Servant Leadership and Job Engagement on Affective Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Agricultural Sector. Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences, 12(1), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIAS/24.1300
Hanafi, K. K., & Eko Pujianto, W. (2023). Influence of Servant Leadership on Job Satisfaction and Job Engagement Di Cv Panda Food Industry Sidoarjo. Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen Pariwisata Dan Perhotelan, 2(1), 378–387. https://doi.org/10.55606/jempper.v2i1.818
Hanaysha, J. R., Kumar, V. V. A., In’airat, M., & Paramaiah, C. (2022). Direct and indirect effects of servant and ethical leadership styles on employee creativity: mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 40(1), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-04-2022-0033
Hasanah, U., & Mujanah, S. (2020). THE EFFECT OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP, SELF-AWARENESS, AND COMPETENCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES OF PUBLIC WORKS IN BANGKALAN DISTRICT. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 4(2015), 136–146. https://doi.org/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/ekt.v4i2.3136
Hermawati, A., & Mas, N. (2017). Mediation effect of Quality of Worklife, Job Involvement, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Case Study in The Most Outstanding Cooperatives in East Java Province). The Eletronic Library, 34(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-08-2016-0070
Hewitt, A. (2017). Trends in Global Employee Engagement: Global anxiety erodes employee engagement gains. Talent, Rewards & Performance, 1–15. http://www.modernsurvey.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2017-Trends-in-Global-Employee-Engagement.pdf
Ismail, H. N., Iqbal, A., & Nasr, L. (2019). Employee engagement and job performance in Lebanon: the mediating role of creativity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(3), 506–523. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-02-2018-0052
Khattak, M. N., & O’Connor, P. (2021). The interplay between servant leadership and organizational politics. Personnel Review, 50(3), 985–1002. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2020-0131
Kissi, E., Asare, O. A., Agyekum, K., Yamoah Agyemang, D., & Labaran, M. (2019). Ascertaining the interaction effects among organisational citizenship behaviour, work overload and employees’ performance in the Ghanaian construction industry. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(7), 1235–1249. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-07-2018-0262
Limbong, L., & Saragih, S. (2023). The effectiveness of servant leadership in enhancing innovative work behavior: The art of job engagement. Jurnal Manajemen Maranatha, 23(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.28932/jmm.v23i1.7018
Ribeiro, N., Duarte, A. P., & Filipe, R. (2018). How authentic leadership promotes individual performance: Mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior and creativity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 67(9), 1585–1607. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-11-2017-0318
Saleem, F. (2020). Impact of Servant Leadership on Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective and Cognitive Trust. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900562
Sanusi, F., & Widiyanto, A. (2021). Konflik Peran Ganda Dan Manajemen Stres Kerja Karyawan Wanita Di PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk. Jurnal Riset Bisnis Dan Manajemen Tirtayasa, 5(1), 64–83. https://doi.org/10.48181/jrbmt.v5i1.11546
Sapta, I. K. S., Wiadnyana, D. G. A., & Wijana, I. M. D. (2023). The Role of Motivation and Servant Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance in the Investment and One-Stop Services Office, Gianyar Regency. International Journal of Management and Economics Invention, 09(10), 3093–3102. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmei/v9i10.01
Sihombing, S., Astuti, E. S., Mussadieq, M., Hamied, D., & Rahardjo, K. (2018). The Effect of Servant Leadership to Rewards, Organizational Culture, and its Implication to Employee’s Performance (Case Study on the Employees of PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk. Indonesia). International Journal of Law and Management-Emerald Insight, 7(5), 781–796.
Song, Y., Tian, Q. tao, & Kwan, H. K. (2022). Servant leadership and employee voice: a moderated mediation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 37(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-02-2020-0077
Tensay, A. T., & Singh, M. (2020). The nexus between HRM, employee engagement and organizational performance of federal public service organizations in Ethiopia. Heliyon, 6(6), e04094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04094
Toth, I., Heinänen, S., & Puumalainen, K. (2021). Passionate and engaged? Passion for inventing and work engagement in different knowledge work contexts. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 27(9), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-09-2020-0632
Vincent Ivwighrevero, O., Emmanuel Ejiroghene, A., & Andrew Ajedafemu, O. (2023). Mediating Effect of Job Engagement on the Relationship between Servant Leadership and Employee Performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 14(2), 78–91. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijbss.v14n1p8
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