Service diversification and supply chain integration strategies in optimizing the sea toll and pioneer shipping programs
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Published:
May 30, 2025
Keywords:
Sea Toll, Maritime Logistics, Service Diversification, Supply Chain Integration, Fragmentation
Section
Economy
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Abstract
Indonesia, as the world's largest archipelagic state, faces chronic logistical challenges, particularly in the frontier, Remote, Disadvantaged, and Border Areas . The purpose of this study is to investigate how service diversification and vertical-horizontal integration strategies can be applied to optimize Indonesia’s maritime logistics programs. Government-initiated programs such as the Sea Toll and Pioneer Shipping aim to reduce regional disparities by subsidizing maritime logistics. However, the effectiveness of these programs is undermined by systemic fragmentation, low return cargo rates, and weak institutional coordination. This literature review evaluates strategic approaches based on service diversification and supply chain integration, drawing from theoretical frameworks including Ansoff’s Matrix, Porter’s Value Chain, Institutional Theory, and the Resource-Based View. By synthesizing recent international studies, this article presents a comprehensive strategy to enhance program impact and support inclusive, efficient maritime connectivity in Indonesia. The findings highlight the importance of integrating digital logistics systems, expanding multimodal service access (such as LCL and reefer logistics), and aligning institutional coordination across stakeholders. These strategies reduce cost disparities and strengthen logistics performance in underserved maritime regions
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How to Cite
Berlianto, W. R., Iryani, N. ., Pangesti Lestari, S. M. ., Pahala, I. . and Handaru, A. W. . (2025) “Service diversification and supply chain integration strategies in optimizing the sea toll and pioneer shipping programs”, Jurnal Mantik, 9(1), pp. 326-335. doi: 10.35335/mantik.v8i5.6278.
References
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Barros, V., Miranda Sarmento, J., & Sousa, J. (2020). Market reaction following the award of highway concessions: Market surprise or positive anticipation? Case Studies on Transport Policy, 8(4), 1468–1477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2020.10.011
Benned, M., Pahala, Y., Candra Susanto, P., & Tinggi Penerbangan AVIASI, S. (2020). Optimization of Pioneer Cargo Plane and Sea Highway on National Logistics Distribution Optimalisasi Pesawat Cargo Perintis dan Tol Laut Terhadap Distribusi Logistik Nasional. In Jurnal Ilmiah Kedirgantaraan (Vol. 17).
Cao, Y., Jiang, Z., Ye, S., Wu, W., & Liang, S. (2019). Spatial Pattern and Heterogeneity of Port & Shipping Service Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, 2002–2016. Chinese Geographical Science, 29(3), 474–487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-019-1035-1
Choi, G., Jin, T., Jeong, Y., & Lee, S. K. (2020). Evolution of partnerships for sustainable development: The case of P4G. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166485
Cronje, J. C. (2020). Designing questions for research design and design research in e-learning. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 18(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.34190/EJEL.20.18.1.002
David, F. R., & David, F. R. (2015). GlobAl edITIon Strategic Management Concepts and Cases FIFTeenTh edITIon. http://www.pearsonmylabandmastering.com
Dinh, G. H., Pham, H. T., Nguyen, L. C., Dang, H. Q., & Pham, N. D. K. (2024). Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Port Operation Efficiency. Polish Maritime Research, 31(2), 140–155. https://doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2024-0030
Feo-Valero, M., Botella-Andreu, A., Martínez-Moya, J., Pallardó-López, V. J., Requena-Silvente, F., & Sala-Garrido, R. (2024). Exploring supply chain and regional resilience through the analysis of the transport dimension. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101216
Fryer, L., Dinsmore, D., Nakao, K., Chauliac, M., Catrysse, L., Gijbels, D., Donche, V., Rogiers, A., Merchie, E., Keer, H., Moeller, J., Viljaranta, J., Kracke, B., Dietrich, J., Durik, A., Jenkins, J., Iaconelli, R., Wolters, C., Calderon, C., & Pekrun, R. (2020). The Promise and Pitfalls of Self-report: FrontLine Learning Research Special Issue.-----> PUBLIC FILE can be downloaded here: Full Special Issue (open access).
Guerrero, D., Nierat, P., Thill, J.-C., Cohen, E., Niérat, P., & Gustave Eiffel, U. (2021). Visualizing maritime connectivity at national level: the case of LSBCI links of West European countries. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.10.001ï
Jay Barney. (1991). barney 1991.
Jin, J. G., Zhao, J., & Lee, D. H. (2013). A column generation based approach for the Train Network Design Optimization problem. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 50(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2012.11.004
Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. (2023). laporan kinerja kementerian perdagangan 2023.
Lambrou, M., Watanabe, D., & Iida, J. (2019). Shipping digitalization management: conceptualization, typology and antecedents. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-019-0052-7
Meškauskien?, V., Öörni, A., & Sell, A. (2019). When the Sea meets City: Transformation towards a Smart Sea in Finland. https://hdl.handle.net/10125/59748
M-Oliveira, F., Rocha, A. D., Alemão, D., Freitas, N., Toshev, R., Södergård, J., Tsoniotis, N., Argyriou, C., Papacharalampopoulos, A., Stavropoulos, P., Perlo, P., & Barata, J. (2023). Cloud-Based Architecture for Production Information Exchange in European Micro-Factory Context. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810223
Monios, J., & Wilmsmeier, G. (2020). Deep adaptation to climate change in the maritime transport sector–a new paradigm for maritime economics? Maritime Policy and Management, 47(7), 853–872. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1752947
Nuraeny, N. (2024). Effectiveness of Sea Toll Road in Logistics Distribution in Coastal Area of Sorong Regency. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), 22(2). https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.001299
Palu, R., & Hilmola, O. P. (2023). Future Potential of Trans-Caspian Corridor: Review. In Logistics (Vol. 7, Issue 3). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7030039
Parola, F., Satta, G., & Panayides, P. M. (2015). Corporate strategies and profitability of maritime logistics firms. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 17(1), 52–78. https://doi.org/10.1057/mel.2014.18
Porter. (1985). Continuing Toward a Sustainable Future.
Rodrigue & Notteboom. (2022). PORT ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT AND POLICY.
Saragih, M. (2020). An Experimental Study of The Effectiveness PEOW MODEL Through Applying Quartet Card in Teaching English Writing Utara. Indonesian Journal of Education, Social Sciences and Research (IJSSR), 1(1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.30596/jcositte.v1i1.xxxx
van der Giesen, C., Cucurachi, S., Guinée, J., Kramer, G. J., & Tukker, A. (2020). A critical view on the current application of LCA for new technologies and recommendations for improved practice. Journal of Cleaner Production, 259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120904
Wilmsmeier, G., Monios, J., & Farfán, A. F. B. (2021). Port system evolution in Ecuador – Migration, location splitting or specialisation? Journal of Transport Geography, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103042
Yuen, K. F., & Thai, V. (2017). Barriers to supply chain integration in the maritime logistics industry oa. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 19(3), 551–572. https://doi.org/10.1057/mel.2016.10
Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Lim, A., & Sim, M. (2021). Robust data-driven vehicle routing with time windows. Operations Research, 69(2), 469–485. https://doi.org/10.1287/OPRE.2020.2043
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