A Mediating Model To Evaluates Employee Performance In Retail Amid And Post COVID 19
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Aug 30, 2022
Keywords:
Employee performance, Spiritual Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Affective Commitment
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Computer Science
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Abstract
Employee performance has become increasingly important in the literature, attracting the attention of many scholars in the last decade. This study adopted an employee-centered perspective to guide its examination of the relationship among spiritual leadership and job satisfaction to individual performance, then an investigation of the mediation of employees’ affective commitment. An analysis was conducted of data collected from 208 employees working in a retail store with thirteen of branch’s. The results reveal statistically significant and positive effects of spiritual leadership on employee performance and affective commitment. Then, job satisfaction statistically not significant effect on employee performance but affective commitment. Affective commitment has presented strong contribution as mediating variable, and strong direct impact to employee performance.
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Novis, J. V., Yulihasri and Donard Games (2022) “A Mediating Model To Evaluates Employee Performance In Retail Amid And Post COVID 19”, Jurnal Mantik, 6(2), pp. 2624-2630. doi: 10.35335/mantik.v6i2.2901.
References
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Astuti, R. J., & Haryani, S. P. (2021). Workplace Spirituality as Mediation of Spiritual Leadership to Affective Commitment. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020-Accounting and Management (ICoSIAMS 2020), 176(ICoSIAMS 2020), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210121.011
Astuty, I., & Udin, U. (2020). The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support and Transformational Leadership on Affective Commitment and Employee Performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 401–411. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.401
Cochran, A., Neumayer, L. A., & Elder, W. B. (2019). Barriers to careers identified by women in academic surgery: A grounded theory model. American Journal of Surgery, 218(4), 780–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.07.015
Desara, T., Verinita, V., Maruf, M., & Hidayat, T. (2021). Enhancing Repurchase Intention in Retail?: the Role of Customer Satisfaction , Service Quality , and Product Assortment. Enrichment Journal of Management, 12(1), 325–329.
Faisal, A. S., Ma’ruf, M., Lita, R. P., & Hidayat, T. (2021). Mengukur Kinerja Pasar Melalui Elemen Inovasi pada UKM Sektor Makanan dan Minuman di Kota Padang. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 9(2), 130–151. https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v9i2.6078
Fortuna, E. B. (2020). Pentingnya Kepemimpinan Spiritual terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Edupsycouns Journal, 2(1), 14–18.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, S. K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: a study of Baldrige award recipients. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 14(1), 22–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1202130
Games, D., Hidayat, T., Fhardilha, J., Fernando, Y., & Sari, D. K. (2022). The Impact of Trust, Knowledge Sharing, and Affective Commitment on SME Innovation Performance. Journal of Governance and Integrity, 5(2), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.15282/jgi.5.2.2022.7184
Garg, N. (2017). Workplace spirituality and organizational performance in indian context: Mediating effect of organizational commitment, work motivation and employee engagement. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 4(2), 191–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093717736134
Gustyana, T. T., Prasetio, A. P., Ramadhanty, A. R., & Azahra, N. (2019). Pengaruh Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi, Stres Kerja, Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Afektif Karyawan Perusahaan Produsen Air Kemasan Cam Di Bandung. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Politik Dan Humaniora, 1(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.36624/jisora.v1i1.22
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6
Hartanto, I. (2014). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transaksional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada CV. Timur Jaya. Agora, 2(1), 979–983. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314064105_Rancang_Bangun_Aplikasi_Sistem_Pemilihan_Kepala_Desa_Yang_Terintegrasi_Dengan_SMS_Gateway
Hidayah, T., & Tobing, D. S. K. (2018). The influence of job satisfaction, motivation, and organizational commitment to employee performance. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 7(7), 122–127.
Hidayat, T., Fahmy, R., Sari, D. K., Mergeresa, F., & Fernando, Y. (2021). COVID 19 Outbreak Effect on Leadership, Job Satisfaction, And Turnover Intention: A Mediating Model of Indonesian Banking Sector. International Journal of Industrial Management, 10(1), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1.2021.6011
Joelle, M., & Coelho, A. M. (2019). The impact of spirituality at work on workers’ attitudes and individual performance. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(7), 1111–1135. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1314312
Johari, J., Tan, F. Y., & Zukarnain, Z. I. T. (2016). Autonomy, workload, worklife balance and job performance teachers. International Journal for Researcher Development, 7(1), 63–83.
Kaur, P. (2020). Role Stress and Affective Commitment: Mediator Analysis of Employee Satisfaction. Vision, 24(4), 471–480. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262920942673
Koesmono, H. T. (2017). The Effects of Transactional Leadership on Employees’ Turnover Intention at PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk. (Mini Market Alfamart) East Surabaya Region, Indonesia Using Job Involvement, Work Motivation, and Job Satisfaction as Mediating Variables. Journal of Resources Development and Management, 29(1999), 66–73. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JRDM/article/view/35649/36669
Laily, N., & Urip Wahyuni, D. (2017). Teacher Performance Based on Stress and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 7(12), 192–199. www.ijsrp.org
Mansor, N., Ismail, A. H., Mohd. Alwi, M. A., & Anwar, N. (2013). Relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational commitment in Malaysians’ oil and gas industry. Asian Social Science, 9(7), 179–191. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n7p179
Maryati, T., Astuti, R. J., & Udin, U. (2019). The effect of spiritual leadership and organizational culture on employee performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(3), 130–143.
Mohammed, S. S. (2021). Lecturer Support and Their Performance at Universities: Mediating Role of Commitment. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 8(2), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v8i2p53
N. Allen, & J. Meyer. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology., 63, 1–18.
Nazir, S., Qun, W., Hui, L., & Shafi, A. (2018). Influence of social exchange relationships on affective commitment and innovative behavior: Role of perceived organizational support. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124418
Permana, R., Rosnani, T., & Hendri, I. M. (2021). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Spiritual Terhadap Kinerja dengan Komitmen Afektif dan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Equator Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship (EJME), 9(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.26418/ejme.v9i2.47573
Pratama, Z. P., Sari, D. K., Games, D., & Hidayat, T. (2021). Covid 19 Pandemic?: Enhancing Customer Loyalty To Traditional Market Existence. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(1), 152–157.
Prawira, S. (2021). Why is the Influence of Servant Leadership on Affective Commitment to Change Insignificant? Proposing Objective Workplace Spirituality as the Mediator. Petra International Journal of Business Studies, 4(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.9744/ijbs.4.1.33-43
Puspitasari, S. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Spritual Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Intrinsik dan Komitmen Organisasi. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 20(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.30659/ekobis.20.1.73-84
Putra, J. Y. P. (2020). Pengaruh Career Development dan Organizational Culture terhadap Job Satisfaction serta Dampaknya pada Employee Performance. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 8(4), 1185. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v8n4.p1185-1200
Ramalho Luz, C. M. D., Luiz de Paula, S., & de Oliveira, L. M. B. (2018). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and their possible influences on intent to turnover. Revista de Gestão, 25(1), 84–101. https://doi.org/10.1108/rege-12-2017-008
Raveendran, T., & Gamage, A. S. (2019). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment in the Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance: A Study of Divisional Secretariats in the Jaffna District. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(2), 116. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i2.14623
Rindu, R., Lukman, S., Hardisman, H., Hafizurrachman, M., & Bachtiar, A. (2020). The relationship between transformational leadership, organizational commitment, work stress, and turnover intentions of nurse at private hospital in Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(E), 551–557. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4425
Rosyid, A., Kunaifi, A., & Asyari, Q. (2021). Corporate Spiritual Leadership: Model Kepemimpinan Bisnis Era Milenial dalam Menciptakan Great Corporate. Transparansi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu …, 4(1), 85–93. https://ojs.stiami.ac.id/index.php/transparansi/article/view/1609
Rumangkit, S. (2020). Mediator Analysis of Perceived Organizational Support: Role of Spiritual Leadership on Affective Commitment. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 11(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v11i1.21496
Samuel, T. D., Onuoha, U. D., & Ojo, A. I. (2014). Job Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment: A Study of Library Personnel in Private Universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. OALib, 01(06), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100687
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach, 6th Edition.
Sharma, S., Prakash, G., Kumar, A., Mussada, E. K., Antony, J., & Luthra, S. (2021). Analysing the relationship of adaption of green culture, innovation, green performance for achieving sustainability: Mediating role of employee commitment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 303, 127039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127039
Tomas M. Hult, Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2015). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 38(2), 220–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2015.1005806
Top, M., Akdere, M., & Tarcan, M. (2015). Examining transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust in Turkish hospitals: public servants versus private sector employees. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(9), 1259–1282. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.939987
Van Waeyenberg, T., Peccei, R., & Decramer, A. (2020). Performance management and teacher performance: the role of affective organizational commitment and exhaustion. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 0(0), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1754881
Yuliani, F., Syahrul, L., Lukito, H., & Hidayat, T. (2021). Affective Commitment in Questions?; Does LMX , POS , and Job Satisfaction being Answer?? Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(1), 120–125.
Annisa, A. (2020). Hubungan Antara Kepemimpinan Spritual dan Komunikasi Interpersonal Kepala Sekolah Dengan Komitmen Afektif Guru di SMK TRITECH Informatika MEDAN. UINSU, 151–156.
Astuti, R. J., & Haryani, S. P. (2021). Workplace Spirituality as Mediation of Spiritual Leadership to Affective Commitment. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020-Accounting and Management (ICoSIAMS 2020), 176(ICoSIAMS 2020), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210121.011
Astuty, I., & Udin, U. (2020). The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support and Transformational Leadership on Affective Commitment and Employee Performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 401–411. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.401
Cochran, A., Neumayer, L. A., & Elder, W. B. (2019). Barriers to careers identified by women in academic surgery: A grounded theory model. American Journal of Surgery, 218(4), 780–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.07.015
Desara, T., Verinita, V., Maruf, M., & Hidayat, T. (2021). Enhancing Repurchase Intention in Retail?: the Role of Customer Satisfaction , Service Quality , and Product Assortment. Enrichment Journal of Management, 12(1), 325–329.
Faisal, A. S., Ma’ruf, M., Lita, R. P., & Hidayat, T. (2021). Mengukur Kinerja Pasar Melalui Elemen Inovasi pada UKM Sektor Makanan dan Minuman di Kota Padang. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 9(2), 130–151. https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v9i2.6078
Fortuna, E. B. (2020). Pentingnya Kepemimpinan Spiritual terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Edupsycouns Journal, 2(1), 14–18.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, S. K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: a study of Baldrige award recipients. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 14(1), 22–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1202130
Games, D., Hidayat, T., Fhardilha, J., Fernando, Y., & Sari, D. K. (2022). The Impact of Trust, Knowledge Sharing, and Affective Commitment on SME Innovation Performance. Journal of Governance and Integrity, 5(2), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.15282/jgi.5.2.2022.7184
Garg, N. (2017). Workplace spirituality and organizational performance in indian context: Mediating effect of organizational commitment, work motivation and employee engagement. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 4(2), 191–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093717736134
Gustyana, T. T., Prasetio, A. P., Ramadhanty, A. R., & Azahra, N. (2019). Pengaruh Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi, Stres Kerja, Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Afektif Karyawan Perusahaan Produsen Air Kemasan Cam Di Bandung. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Politik Dan Humaniora, 1(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.36624/jisora.v1i1.22
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6
Hartanto, I. (2014). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transaksional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada CV. Timur Jaya. Agora, 2(1), 979–983. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314064105_Rancang_Bangun_Aplikasi_Sistem_Pemilihan_Kepala_Desa_Yang_Terintegrasi_Dengan_SMS_Gateway
Hidayah, T., & Tobing, D. S. K. (2018). The influence of job satisfaction, motivation, and organizational commitment to employee performance. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 7(7), 122–127.
Hidayat, T., Fahmy, R., Sari, D. K., Mergeresa, F., & Fernando, Y. (2021). COVID 19 Outbreak Effect on Leadership, Job Satisfaction, And Turnover Intention: A Mediating Model of Indonesian Banking Sector. International Journal of Industrial Management, 10(1), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1.2021.6011
Joelle, M., & Coelho, A. M. (2019). The impact of spirituality at work on workers’ attitudes and individual performance. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(7), 1111–1135. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1314312
Johari, J., Tan, F. Y., & Zukarnain, Z. I. T. (2016). Autonomy, workload, worklife balance and job performance teachers. International Journal for Researcher Development, 7(1), 63–83.
Kaur, P. (2020). Role Stress and Affective Commitment: Mediator Analysis of Employee Satisfaction. Vision, 24(4), 471–480. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262920942673
Koesmono, H. T. (2017). The Effects of Transactional Leadership on Employees’ Turnover Intention at PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk. (Mini Market Alfamart) East Surabaya Region, Indonesia Using Job Involvement, Work Motivation, and Job Satisfaction as Mediating Variables. Journal of Resources Development and Management, 29(1999), 66–73. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JRDM/article/view/35649/36669
Laily, N., & Urip Wahyuni, D. (2017). Teacher Performance Based on Stress and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 7(12), 192–199. www.ijsrp.org
Mansor, N., Ismail, A. H., Mohd. Alwi, M. A., & Anwar, N. (2013). Relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational commitment in Malaysians’ oil and gas industry. Asian Social Science, 9(7), 179–191. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n7p179
Maryati, T., Astuti, R. J., & Udin, U. (2019). The effect of spiritual leadership and organizational culture on employee performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(3), 130–143.
Mohammed, S. S. (2021). Lecturer Support and Their Performance at Universities: Mediating Role of Commitment. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 8(2), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v8i2p53
N. Allen, & J. Meyer. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology., 63, 1–18.
Nazir, S., Qun, W., Hui, L., & Shafi, A. (2018). Influence of social exchange relationships on affective commitment and innovative behavior: Role of perceived organizational support. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124418
Permana, R., Rosnani, T., & Hendri, I. M. (2021). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Spiritual Terhadap Kinerja dengan Komitmen Afektif dan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Equator Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship (EJME), 9(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.26418/ejme.v9i2.47573
Pratama, Z. P., Sari, D. K., Games, D., & Hidayat, T. (2021). Covid 19 Pandemic?: Enhancing Customer Loyalty To Traditional Market Existence. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(1), 152–157.
Prawira, S. (2021). Why is the Influence of Servant Leadership on Affective Commitment to Change Insignificant? Proposing Objective Workplace Spirituality as the Mediator. Petra International Journal of Business Studies, 4(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.9744/ijbs.4.1.33-43
Puspitasari, S. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Spritual Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Intrinsik dan Komitmen Organisasi. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 20(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.30659/ekobis.20.1.73-84
Putra, J. Y. P. (2020). Pengaruh Career Development dan Organizational Culture terhadap Job Satisfaction serta Dampaknya pada Employee Performance. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 8(4), 1185. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v8n4.p1185-1200
Ramalho Luz, C. M. D., Luiz de Paula, S., & de Oliveira, L. M. B. (2018). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and their possible influences on intent to turnover. Revista de Gestão, 25(1), 84–101. https://doi.org/10.1108/rege-12-2017-008
Raveendran, T., & Gamage, A. S. (2019). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment in the Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance: A Study of Divisional Secretariats in the Jaffna District. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(2), 116. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i2.14623
Rindu, R., Lukman, S., Hardisman, H., Hafizurrachman, M., & Bachtiar, A. (2020). The relationship between transformational leadership, organizational commitment, work stress, and turnover intentions of nurse at private hospital in Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(E), 551–557. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4425
Rosyid, A., Kunaifi, A., & Asyari, Q. (2021). Corporate Spiritual Leadership: Model Kepemimpinan Bisnis Era Milenial dalam Menciptakan Great Corporate. Transparansi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu …, 4(1), 85–93. https://ojs.stiami.ac.id/index.php/transparansi/article/view/1609
Rumangkit, S. (2020). Mediator Analysis of Perceived Organizational Support: Role of Spiritual Leadership on Affective Commitment. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 11(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v11i1.21496
Samuel, T. D., Onuoha, U. D., & Ojo, A. I. (2014). Job Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment: A Study of Library Personnel in Private Universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. OALib, 01(06), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100687
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach, 6th Edition.
Sharma, S., Prakash, G., Kumar, A., Mussada, E. K., Antony, J., & Luthra, S. (2021). Analysing the relationship of adaption of green culture, innovation, green performance for achieving sustainability: Mediating role of employee commitment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 303, 127039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127039
Tomas M. Hult, Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2015). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 38(2), 220–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2015.1005806
Top, M., Akdere, M., & Tarcan, M. (2015). Examining transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust in Turkish hospitals: public servants versus private sector employees. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(9), 1259–1282. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.939987
Van Waeyenberg, T., Peccei, R., & Decramer, A. (2020). Performance management and teacher performance: the role of affective organizational commitment and exhaustion. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 0(0), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1754881
Yuliani, F., Syahrul, L., Lukito, H., & Hidayat, T. (2021). Affective Commitment in Questions?; Does LMX , POS , and Job Satisfaction being Answer?? Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(1), 120–125.
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