Journal of Midwifery and Nursing

The relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge and participation in HIV testing at Nisam Health Center

Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research aimed to examine the association between pregnant women’s knowledge and their involvement in HIV testing at the Nisam Health Center, North Aceh Regency. The study was motivated by the relatively low level of participation among pregnant women in HIV screening, which is crucial for early identification and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. A quantitative analytic method with a cross-sectional design was applied. The study population included all pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) services at the Nisam Health Center, and 60 participants were chosen through purposive sampling. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires and analyzed with the Chi-Square statistical test. The findings indicated that more than half of the respondents (31 women or 53.4%) demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge, while most participants (44 women or 75.8%) had undergone HIV testing. The statistical results showed a significant correlation between the respondents’ knowledge level and their participation in HIV testing (p = 0.001 < 0.05). Therefore, it can be inferred that higher knowledge among pregnant women increases the likelihood of their engagement in HIV screening. Health professionals are encouraged to strengthen educational efforts and counseling to enhance awareness of the importance of HIV testing during pregnancy as a preventive measure against vertical transmission.

Factors influencing pregnant women’s willingness for HIV testing in North Aceh

Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

HIV remains a serious public health concern in Indonesia, particularly among pregnant women who are at risk of transmitting the virus to their infants. Despite the availability of testing, many women are still unwilling to undergo HIV screening. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the willingness of pregnant women to take HIV tests at UPTD Puskesmas Nisam, North Aceh District. A cross-sectional design was employed with 58 pregnant women attending antenatal care in 2025, selected through purposive sampling. Independent variables included knowledge, attitude, husband’s support, and health worker support, while the dependent variable was the willingness to undergo HIV testing. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that most respondents had poor knowledge (67.2%), negative attitudes (65.5%), low husband’s support (67.2%), and inadequate health worker support (69.0%). More than three-quarters (77.6%) of respondents were unwilling to undergo HIV testing. Significant associations were found between knowledge (p=0.012), attitude (p=0.000), husband’s support (p=0.001), and health worker support (p=0.010) with willingness to undergo HIV testing. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, husband’s support, and health worker support significantly affect the willingness of pregnant women to undergo HIV testing. Strengthening health education and counseling is essential to increase testing uptake and prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. Policymakers should integrate HIV testing promotion into antenatal care programs, while health workers are encouraged to implement community-based counseling and spousal involvement initiatives to enhance testing participation.

The Effect of Cold Compresses On Reducing The Intensity of Postpartum Perineal Pain In PMB of The Sungai Langkai Public Health Center, Batam City in 2024

Windayani Windayani, Renny Adelia Tarigan, Roza Erda — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Perineal pain occurs due to perineal rupture either spontaneously or episiotomy during the labor process. The feeling of pain will appear when an injury occurs. The perineal pain that is not treated properly will cause the postpartum complications, such as infection and bleeding during postpartum. As indicated by the results of the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, there are 42.7% of postpartum hemorrhage cases and there are 25.9% of postpartum infections. Cold compresses are one of the alternative nonpharmacological methods to treat perineal pain. The aims of the research is going to analyze In 2024, the Sungai Langkai Community Health Centre in Batam City conducted research on the effect of cold compresses on reducing the intensity of postpartum perineal pain in mothers who had given birth. For this study, a pre-experimental design was used, and a pre-test and post-test group were designed. The sample of this research was 15 postpartum mothers with perineal tears. The results showed that the respondents' perineal pain was severe before the intervention was carried out was an average of 5.73 average intensity of perineal pain after intervention was 1.33. Based on the results of the Paired Sample T-test statistical test, a significance value of 0.000 was obtained, which is smaller than the significance level of 5% (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that cold compresses help reduce the intensity of perineal pain experienced by mothers after delivery with PMB Sungai Langkai Public Health Center, Batam City in 2024. It is recommended for Midwifery to provide cold compress therapy in providing care for mothers who have just given birth and are experiencing pain in the perineal area

Leptospirosis awareness and health service access in Coastal Demak

Fatati Larasati — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia. Community knowledge about Leptospirosis and their health service access patterns play an important role in prevention and case management. This study aims to describe the level of knowledge about leptospirosis and the health service access chosen when experiencing illness in Bonang, Demak. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among households in Bonang District. From eight villages with the highest leptospirosis incidence, 96 households were selected using cluster probability sampling. In this study, awareness is operationally defined as the level of knowledge about leptospirosis. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire on leptospirosis knowledge and health service access, and analyzed descriptively to present the distribution of knowledge and health service access. Most respondents had moderate level knowledge of leptospirosis, the majority of respondents understood the definition of leptospirosis but lacked knowledge regarding specific causes, symptoms, and the fact that leptospirosis is not transmitted between humans. In terms of health service access, the majority of respondents preferred practicing doctors as their first point of care. Community knowledge of leptospirosis remains insufficient and requires improvement through more intensive health education. Strengthening the primary health care access system is also necessary to ensure timely and effective case management.

Quality of solid and liquid oils in food applications: Insights from slip melting point and iodine value

Puji Lestari, Faisal Yusuf, Mainal Furqan — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study's main objective was to assess and compare the quality of liquid and solid oil on their iodine value (IV) and slip melting point (SMP). This study employed a comparative experimental design, in which liquid oil (palm olein) and solid oil (a blend of palm olein and palm stearin) were analyzed under controlled laboratory conditions. Standardized analytical methods were used to ensure reliable comparison between oil types. AOCS Official Method Cc 3-25 was used to calculate the SMP, and the Wijs method was used to measure the IV in accordance with AOCS Official Method Cd 1-25. IV solid oil are 51.80, 52.35 and 52.76 (? = 52.30), SMP solid oil are 37.4, 37.8 and 37.4 ( IV liquid oil are 58.59, 58.55 and 58.11 (? = 58.42), SMP liquid oil are 19.6, 19.6 and 19.8 ( . In conclusion, liquid oil is higher iodine value that means greater content of Unsaturated fatty acids are linked to positive cardiovascular health outcomes. Solid oil, on the other hand, showed a higher slip melting point, which implies greater thermal stability and makes it more appropriate for high-temperature frying applications.

Modeling the number of infant and maternal mortality rates in East Java in 2021 using the BPLNR model

Fittrofin Amalia Farisa — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Poisson regression may be used to describe count data in the form of positive integers as it often follows a Poisson distribution. Poisson regression requires that the response variable's mean and variance be equal (equidispersion). In practice, however, it is more typical to find data with overdispersion, or variation larger than the mean. The number of newborn and maternal fatalities are the response variables, and the units of analysis are the East Java Province's regencies and cities. Because of the correlation between these two variables and the overdispersion that results, the Poisson regression model has to be further developed. One such model development that blends the Poisson and Lognormal distributions is called Bivariate Poisson Lognormal Regression (BPLNR). In order to predict the factors thought to be impacting the number of infant deaths and maternal deaths in East Java Province in 2021, this study attempts to produce parameter estimators and test data for the BPLNR model. According to the modeling results, the number of infant and maternal fatalities is significantly impacted by a variety of variables, including the proportion of cases treated by health personnel and the percentage of K4 antenatal visits by expectant women, among others. Furthermore, the dispersion parameter indicates that overdispersion in the data on newborn and maternal mortality in East Java in 2021 has been taken into account by the model.

Effectiveness of spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) therapy in reducing dysmenorrhea pain intensity among women of reproductive age

Novi Rida Eriyani, Yusnilasari Yusnilasari — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) in reducing dysmenorrhea pain intensity among women of reproductive age. However, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of SEFT for dysmenorrhea pain management, particularly using experimental designs, remains limited. A quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted at PMB Lina, Palembang City. A total of 30 women experiencing mild to moderate primary dysmenorrhea were included using a total population sampling technique. The SEFT intervention consisted of guided sessions involving set-up affirmations, tune-in focus, and tapping on specific acupressure points for approximately 20–25 minutes. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed a significant decrease in dysmenorrhea pain intensity after the SEFT intervention. Before treatment, most respondents experienced moderate pain, while after the intervention, the majority reported mild pain, and several respondents experienced a substantial reduction in discomfort. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between pretest and posttest pain scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SEFT therapy is effective in reducing dysmenorrhea pain intensity and can be recommended as a safe, practical, and low-cost complementary non-pharmacological intervention for menstrual pain management.

The relationship between premarital sexual knowledge and adolescent sexual behavior at SMA Negeri 1 Nisam

Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Premarital sexual behavior among adolescents has become an urgent public health concern in North Aceh due to increasing reports of risky behaviors and limited access to accurate reproductive health information. The study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of premarital sexual knowledge and sexual behavior among adolescents at SMA Negeris 1 Nisam, North Aceh Regency. This research used a quantitative analytic approach with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of students of SMA Negeri 1 Nisam, and the sample was selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires assessing knowledge and sexual behavior and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that most respondents had a moderate level of premarital sexual knowledge (49.4%) and mild premarital sexual behavior (73%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the level of premarital sexual knowledge and adolescent sexual behavior (p-value = 0.003; ? = 0.05). It can be concluded that adolescents with better knowledge of premarital sex tend to exhibit more responsible and less risky sexual behaviors. It is suggested that adolescents should enhance their understanding of reproductive health and sexual education from credible sources to prevent misconceptions and risky behaviors.

Factors associated with the occurrence of latent tuberculosis in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Padang Bulan in 2025

Eduar Daniel Lase, David Siagian, Martalena Br. S Kembaren, Melva Saragi — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Latent tuberculosis is an asymptomatic condition caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can progress to active TB if not properly controlled. A preliminary survey at the Padang Bulan Community Health Center (UPT Puskesmas) identified 40 individuals receiving tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) in 2024–2025. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the incidence of latent TB (LTBI) in the Padang Bulan Community Health Center (UPT Puskesmas) working area in 2025. This analytical study used a cross-sectional design with 44 respondents selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and health center records, then analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that age was not significantly associated with the incidence of latent TB (p=0.160). Meanwhile, duration of contact (p=0.037), occupation (p=0.044), clean and healthy living behaviors (p=0.042), residential density (p=0.019), and BCG vaccination history (p=0.019) showed a significant association with LTBI. Respondents with prolonged contact, high-risk occupations, poor health behaviors, overcrowded housing, and not being vaccinated against BCG were more likely to develop LTBI. These findings emphasize the need for more intensive LTBI screening, better health education, and increased vaccination coverage to reduce the risk of LTBI in the community.

Determinants of HIV/AIDS knowledge among early adolescents in junior high school: A cross-sectional study

Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

HIV/AIDS infection remains a crucial global public health issue, with a significant increase in cases every year in Indoneia, and adolescents occupy vulnerable positions. Limited knowledge related and the burden of social stigma hinders the effectiveness of intervention programs. This study aims to find out in depth the level of knowledge of junior high school adolescents about HIV/AIDS. This descriptive quantitative research uses a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling technique. The sample consisted of 52 grade IX students of SMP 1 Sawan. The results showed that the majority of respondents were 15 years old (55.8%) and female (67.3%). The level of adolescent knowledge about HIV/AIDS is mostly in the moderate category (65.4%), with the lowest score being 60, the highest score being 83.3, the mean being 68.3, and the median being 70. This indicates that there is still a need to provide information related to HIV/AIDS. The topic of HIV transmission has the highest proportion of wrong answers, followed by the signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS. It is recommended that schools, parents, and the government work together in efforts to improve comprehensive and sustainable education, including strengthening Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR).

The effect on self-efficacy on the level of physical activity in adolescents of the Driyorejo Health Center Area, Gresik Regency

Afina Puspita Zari — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Obesity has become a complex issue that can affect all age groups, including adolescents. One of the primary causes of obesity is a lack of physical activity. Low levels of physical activity among adolescents are influenced by various factors, including individual factors such as sex and age. Additionally, low self-efficacy in engaging in physical activity plays a significant role. This study aims to analyse the impact of self-efficacy on the level of physical activity among students. This study employed a quantitative approach with an observational research type. The research was conducted utilising a cross-sectional design. The study was carried out in four high schools within the Driyorejo Community Health Centre area, involving a total of 335 students. The sampling method employed was proportionate stratified random sampling. The research took place from March to April 2024. The data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 with ordinal logistic regression analysis. The results of the multiple ordinal regression analysis for physical activity suggested that sex (p=0.000) and self-efficacy (p=0.000) had p-values less than 0.05, indicating a significant effect of both sex and self-efficacy on the level of physical activity among students in the Driyorejo Community Health Centre area. Therefore, efforts that can be undertaken include optimising the role of the School Health Unit (UKS) to provide opportunities for adolescents to share experiences within peer groups, thereby enhancing their motivation to engage in physical activity.

The effectiveness of tummy time combined with baby yoga in improving gross motor milestones in infants

Suci Sulistyorini, Susmita Susmita — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of combined tummy time and baby yoga interventions in improving gross motor development among infants. A quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted at TPMB Rama Agustina from September to October 2025. A total of 32 infants aged 2–6 months were included using a total population sampling technique based on eligibility criteria. The intervention consisted of guided tummy time sessions and structured baby yoga movements focusing on postural control, muscle activation, flexibility, and vestibular stimulation, delivered for approximately 20–25 minutes per session. Gross motor development was assessed before and after the intervention using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed a significant increase in AIMS scores after the intervention. Before treatment, most infants demonstrated motor skills below expected milestones for age, whereas posttest findings indicated notable improvements in antigravity control, weight shifting, and transitional movements. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the combination of tummy time and baby yoga is effective in enhancing gross motor development in infants and can be recommended as a safe, low-cost, and practical complementary stimulation strategy suitable for implementation in community health services and early childhood care settings.

The effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in reducing childbirth-related anxiety among primigravida pregnant women: A quasi-experimental study

Deby Meitia Sandy, Tri Restu Handayani — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Childbirth-related anxiety is commonly experienced by primigravida pregnant women and may negatively affect maternal psychological readiness for labor. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is a non-pharmacological intervention that may help reduce anxiety during pregnancy. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design conducted among 30 third-trimester primigravida pregnant women with mild to moderate anxiety. Participants were selected using total population sampling. The PMR intervention consisted of guided relaxation sessions involving sequential muscle tension and release combined with controlled breathing for 20–25 minutes. Anxiety levels were measured before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in anxiety scores following the PMR intervention. Before the intervention, most participants experienced moderate anxiety, whereas after the intervention, the majority demonstrated mild anxiety. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest anxiety scores (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Progressive Muscle Relaxation therapy is effective in reducing childbirth-related anxiety among primigravida pregnant women. PMR can be recommended as a safe, simple, and low-cost complementary intervention in antenatal care to enhance maternal psychological preparedness for childbirth.

The effectiveness of warm ginger compresses in reducing back pain among third trimester pregnant women at Arinda Clinic, Palembang City

Tri Restu Handayani, Lina Contesa — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of warm ginger compresses in reducing back pain among third-trimester pregnant women. A quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted at Arinda Clinic, Palembang. A total of 46 third-trimester pregnant women experiencing mild to moderate low back pain were selected using purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of warm ginger compress application for 15–20 minutes per session, three times per week for two weeks. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed a significant decrease in back pain intensity after the intervention. Before treatment, most respondents experienced moderate pain, while after the intervention, most experienced mild pain and several respondents reported no pain at all. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between pretest and posttest pain scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, warm ginger compress therapy is effective in reducing back pain intensity in third-trimester pregnant women and can be recommended as a safe and low-cost complementary non-pharmacological intervention in maternity care.